SODIUM BICARBONATE

BAKING SODA
BICARBONATE OF SODA
SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE
GUIDE : DR. Y .J CHENDAKE
GROUP MEMBERS : AYUSH LOHIA (ROLL NO . 05 )
: GOURAV TUTEJA (ROLL NO. 06 )
: SHINDE HARSHA (ROLL NO. 08 )

PROPERTIES1

MOLAR MASS
APPEARANCE

84.007 gm/mol
White crystals

ODOR

odorless

DENSITY

2.20 gm

MELTING POINT

50 C

SOLUBILTY

9 gm /100 ml

ACIDITY

10.329

REFRACTIVE INDEX

1.334

STRUCTURE

Monoclinic

-3

APPLICATIONS
2FOR THE HOME
i. CLEANING AGENT FRIDGES , GARBAGE DISPOSAL ETC
ii. WATER SOFTENER USE IN WASHING MACHINES AND

FOR

DISHES

iii.
iv.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER FORMS A SMOTHERING FOAM

.
i.

IN THE KITCHEN

ii.

POLISHING REMOVES DIRT WITHOUT DAMAGING HARDNESS

MATERIALS SUCH AS STAINLESS STEEL OR IRON
BAKING - USED AS LEAVENING AGENT ,THE C02 GENERATED
MAKES THE DOUGH RISE
COOKING QUICKLY SOFTENS VEGETABLES SUCH AS FRENCH
BEANS AND BROCCOLI

 4 FOR CARE OF THE BODY

i. USES AS A TEETH WHITENER
ii. SODIUM BICARBONATE EAR DROPS
iii. STOMACH RELIEVER
iv. ECZEMA RELIEVER
v. ALSO GOOD FOR THROAT, PAINFUL GUMS ,INSECT BITES
vi. USED IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
. FOR EMERGENCIES
. SODIUM BICARBONATE CAN NEUTRALIZE OR REDUCE ACIDS IN
THE BLOOD OR URINE .

IT MAY BE USED DURING HEART ATTACKS , SERIOUS KIDNEY

OR LUNG PROBLEMS.

ECONOMY

At the 20th century 53,000 tons (48,071 metric tons ) of baking soda were
sold annually.

China was the worlds largest producer in 2012 with 32% of 2012
production followed by north America 22% .

The major use of sodium bicarbonate is in animal feed by roughly 30% .

Demand for food application accounted for more than 21%.
20% of global demand , China represented the single larges market for
NAHCO3.

Demand for bicarbonate grew significantly between 2008 and 2012 .

 Over forecast period 2017 world consumption is expected to

increase by 4%

The share of demand account for by Asia will continue to

grow and reach 40%.

In 2017 china is expected to account for more than 22% of

total NaHCO3.
followed by north America (21%) and western Europe
(20%) .
Fig1.4
Showing consumption of
Sodiumbicarbonate

METHODS OF PRODUCTION

SOLVAY PROCESS
LE BLANC
FROM DEPOSITS

SOLVAY PROCESS

In industrial practice, the reaction is carried out by passing

concentrated brine
through two towers.

In the first , ammonia bubbles up through the brine (salt

water) and is absorbed by it .

In the second CO2 bubbles up through the ammoniated brine

and sodium bicarbonate precipitates out of the solution.

SOLVAY REACTIONS
CaCO3
C + 02

Ca0 + C02
CO2

CaO + H2O

Ca(OH)2

NH3 + H20

NH4 + OH-

CO2 +OH-

HCO3

CO2 +H20

HCO3 + H+

Na+ + Cl- + NH4+ + HCO-3

NH4Cl- +NaHCO3

AMMONIA ABSORBER

2NH3+H2O+CO2(NH4)2CO3
CaCl2+(NH4)2CO3CaCO3+2NH4Cl
MgCl2+(NH4)2CO3MgCO3+2NH4Cl
CARBONATION TOWER

NH3+H2O+CO2NH4HCO3
NaCl+NH4HCO3NaHCO3+NH4Cl
AMMONIA RECOVERY TOWER

NH4HCO3NH3+H2O+CO2
2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)22NH3+2H2O+CaCl2

SOLVAY PROCESS
ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Can use low grade brine

Less electric power

Less corrosion problem

No co products to dispose

Higher salt consumption

More steam consumption

FROM DEPOSITS
From the mineral Trona .
Trona were discovered near the Green river in Wyoming.
As lake evoprated 200 billion tonnes deposit of pure Trona
was discovered.

NAHCO3

can be mined from this source less expensively than

it
can be produced by the Solvay process .

LEBLANC PROCESS
French physician Nicholas Leblanc developed a method using
salt ,limestone , sulfuric acid and coal.

The expense of its inputs and its polluting byproducts made it

apparent
that this process is uneconomical.

LITERATURE SURVEY
(REFERENCE )
1 -Wikipedia , 2014 (updated ) google.com .
2 - Gail Atman , 2005 , how to remove odors , book thinking .
3 - Arm & hammer , 2006 , armhammer.com .
4 - sodium bicarbonate , 1999 , Jackson stegelbaum .
5- IHS chemicals , 2009 , sodium bicarbonate .
6 - Church & Dwight co. Inc.
7 - Dryden outlines of chemical technology , 2010 , east west press .
8 - Malik ,Y S goyal 2005 , sodium bicarbonate .