Traditional (Compliance)

Perspective
Final product and
residuals measured at
the factory, in terms of
Ra materials production.
w
m Residuals: Waste &
at
er pollution
ia
ls

a ls Finished material
ri
m ate
w
Ra
 Systems (Optimization)
Perspective
Final product is
Film & paper
production
measured in terms of
service, rather than
material,
at end of chain rather
Exposure
than in middle.
(Capture)

Storage

Film developing
& printing Final
Product
 Pre-analytic Vision: Ag Halide Materials Chain

CAPTURE PROCESSING IMAGE OUPUT

Photo
Camera Film
Film Lab
Developer
acetate?
PET?
PEN?

re hpar got o h P
Single use
Batteries cameras
NiMH?
NiCd? Paper
Alkaline?

Chemicals
Chemicals
 Pre-analytic Vision: Digital Materials Chain

CAPTURE PROCESSING IMAGE OUTPUT

Digital Personal Inkjet

Camera Computer Printer
&
Software

re hpar got o h P
Batteries
NiMH?
NiCd? Paper
Alkaline?

Cartridges & Ink

Scientific Considerations:

ECONOMIC: What are the economic costs of each step in

the service chain?

THERMODYNAMIC: What are the material and energy

(exergetic resource) costs?

HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT: What are the

HSE risks?
Hypothetical Analytic Tools:
ECONOMIC: TOTAL COST ASSESSMENT
Contingent, intangible, indirect and/or external costs may be
quantified.

THERMODYNAMIC: EXERGY ANALYSIS

Environmental reference state allows comparison of raw
material, energy consumption and waste production on uniform
basis.

ENVIRONMENTAL: CONFIGURATIONAL
ENTROPY
Entropy of mixing as measure of chemical pollution.
 Which is the optimum image pathway?

CAPTURE PROCESSING OUTPUT

LexMark INKJET, CRT,
THERMAL,
DIGITAL CAMERA PC & SOFTWARE
MUGS, T-
Canon, Olympus, HP, Canon -- not all SHIRTS, etc.
AgFA, Panasonic, camera makers have
Kodak, HP, etc. equal expertise HP, Canon , Epson,
LexMark, others.
L ATI GI D

Polaroid Colorshot www.mysticcolorlabs.com

Digital Photo Printer Kodak Quick Prints Kodak Photo CD,
filmdrive printroom.com Filmworks PhotoPC, etc.

preview & select ?

Ag HALIDE FILM FILM CHEMICAL PAPER

acetate?
DEVELOPING
Kodak, Fuji -- Kodak, Fuji --
District Photo, Clark,
also AgFA, PET? also AgFA,
Qualex, Mystic,
Konica, etc. PEN? Filmworks, etc. Konica, etc.
gA
Total Cost Assessment
Type I: Direct Costs
labor, materials, etc.

Type II: Indirect Costs

overhead, utilities, outsourced
services

Type III: Contingent Liability

non-compliance fines, cleanup,
civil suits, accidents

Type IV: Internal Intangible

consumer loyalty, worker morale,
corporate image

Type V: External
environmental degradation
 Two Output Analysis

Ag HALIDE INKJET
Photo ? Inkjet
Lab Printer
∗ . JPG

Paper Paper

Chemicals Cartridges & Ink

 Acknowledgments

Thomas P. Seager is supported by a grant from the

National Science Foundation and by the Center for
Environmental Management at Clarkson University.

Dr. Thomas L. Theis and Randy L. Brown (Clarkson

Univeristy) and Jeffrey D. Mathews (Eastman Kodak)
have contributed to this research.

Other individuals too numerous to mention at Eastman

Kodak Co. in Rochester, NY provided their support and
cooperation during development of the ideas underlying
this presentation.