INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING
PRESENTATION # 1

Name: Amara Jamal

ERP ID :- 09894

CPU-CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

(THE BUILDING BLOCK OF
COMPUTER)

CPU is the main component of a

computer, as we cant be alive
without our heart similarly a
computer cannot work without a
CPU.

CPU is a piece of hardware that

carries out instructions of a
computer program.

CPU it-self has a lot of circuitry in it

which enables it to work.

The internal structure of CPU and

its processing is defined as under:-

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:-

MAIN COMPONENTS:-

CPU is based on 3 basic and important units, which

are as follows:-

CONTROL UNI(CU):1)

It is a very important unit as it controls massive

things.

2)

It is used for sending commands /signals to other

components of the system.

3)

Its main function is to carry out instructions and

tell a computer system what to do.

MAIN COMPONENTS:ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT

(ALU):1)Computer performs calculations because of
ALU.
2)Computers calculator is a part of CPU which
is known s ALU.
3)It performs arithmetic calculations and data
manipulations
EXAMPLES:- Sorting, Comparisons,
Combining, Solving and many more.

MAIN COMPONENTS:MEMORY UNIT (MU):1)The function of memory unit is to hold data and
instructions which are currently in use, these are then
stored/kept in the memory or main store.
2) There are two types of computer
memoryRAMandROM.
RAM:-RAM stands forRandom Access Memory. The
programs can be altered & reprogrammed in it .
When we switch a computer off, whatever is stored in
the RAM gets erased.
ROM:-ROM stands forRead Only Memory. The programs

cannot be altered & reprogrammed in it .The data is

stored even when the computer is switched off.

BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:1)MICROPROCESSOR:*CPU consists of many separate parts but since 1970s they
all have been constructed as a single (non-segregated) unit
called Microprocessor.
*In the world of PCs the terms microprocessor and CPU are
used interchangeably.
*It sits on the heart of all PCs and most work-stations.
*Its main function is to control the logic of almost all the
digital devices from clock and radio to fuel-injection system.

BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:MOTHERBOARD:*It is the main circuit board of a computer.
*Motherboard is used for keeping all the parts of
the computer together.
*The motherboard is the piece of
computerhardware and is also called as the
backbone of the PC.
*All the things which we see like sound and video
cards , CPU, hard drives, memory and other
devices are connected to motherboard directly or
through cables.

BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:TRANSISTORS:*The structure of transistors are like tiny switches.
*CPU transistors are the important components of a
computer.
*Atransistoris a semiconducting device that switches
and amplifies electronic signals.
*Transistors where the replacement of vacuum tubes in
electronic devices.
*A CPU transistor is a part of an integrated circuit.

END OF PRESENTATION