Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nanomaterials
Carl C. Wamser
Portland State University
Nanomaterials Course - June 27,
2006
6 billion people
8000 mile diameter
10 billion components
8 inch diameter
Effects of Nanoscale
Structural differences:
Nanoscale Carbon
Bulk Carbon
C60 (Buckeyball)
Smalley, Curl, Kroto
1996 Nobel Prize
Graphite
Diamond
Carbon Nanotubes
Sumio Iijima - 1991
Instrumentation / Imaging
Quantum
Corral
48 Fe atoms
positioned by
the STM
used to
image them
http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html
Dimensional Issues
length scale:
nm
ONAMI
mm
Chemistry
Biology
amino
acids
Electronics
proteins
cells/tissues organisms
semitransistors integrated
conductors
circuits
computers
Chemistry Issues
Organic LEDs
Structure-Function Correlations (emission wavelengths)
Quantum Effects
Band gap depends on particle size
(number of atoms in the particle)
4 nm
2 nm
Chemical Bonding
Forces used to assemble structure:
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
H-bonding
Metal-ligand
Van der Waals
- stacking
Ionic Bonding
Molecular beaker
epitaxy
Layer-by-layer
growth of
polyelectrolytes
Tom Mallouk
Penn State U
http://www.mapr.ucl.ac.be/~jonas/Home_page_AJ/Research/ESA/ESA.html
Metallic Bonding
Nanoscale gold has different properties than bulk gold, including:
appearance, solubility, and melting point.
Gold Statue
Gold nanoparticles
Single-walled
carbon nanotubes:
armchair - metallic
zigzag - semiconducting
chiral - semiconducting
multi-walled - metallic
Hydrogen Bonding
DNA
Double
Helix
http://www.haveland.com/ graphics/dna-3d.jpg
Self-Assembled Monolayer
10 nm
Monolayer of
DDB on
graphite
(didodecylbenzene)
http://www.nanoscience.com/education/gallery/DDB_ani.htm
SAMMS
Self-Assembled
Monolayers on
Mesoporous
Supports
QuickTime and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
http://www.mpibp-frankfurt.mpg.de/~michael.hutter/rcenter.html
Resources
Nanochemistry references and websites:
Handbook of Nanotechnology, B. Bhushan, ed. (2004)
Molecular Nanotechnology, D. E. Newton, ed. (2002)
Integrated Chemical Systems, A. J. Bard (1994)
Engines of Creation, K. Eric Drexler (1986)
( http://www.foresight.org/EOC/ )
Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom, Richard Feynman (1959)
( http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html )
National Nanotechnology Initiative ( http://www.nano.gov/ )
Nano Letters - ACS Journal ( http://pubs.acs.org/journals/nalefd/ )
Materials Today - British journal ( http://www.materialstoday.com )