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An Introduction to CDMA
Follows
An Introduction to CDMA
Follows
An Introduction to CDMA
Follows
CDMA?
Multiple Access?
FDMA
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
FDMA
FDMA
TDMA
Time
Division
Multiple
Access
TDMA
F/TDMA
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
and Time
F/TDMA
F/TDMA
Ham Bands
CDMA
CODE
Division
Multiple
Access
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
Some people show it like this...
but I prefer
CDMA
Hang on,
Everyone transmits on top
of each other?
Across the whole band?
At the same time?
YES.
With different codes,
and if you know the right
code, you can receive just
the person transmitting
with that code.
Err, OK...
So how do we make it?
First, a bit of a reminder:
AM and SSB
Frequency Spectrum
Voice
Voice, Carrier
AM
or SSB ...
SSB
Data Signal
CDMA
to make really wideband CDMA spread spectrum signal
CDMA
CDMA
Multiplication
1
x
1
=
1
1
x
-1
=
-1
-1
x
1
=
-1
-1
x
-1
=
1
CDMA example
Low-Bandwidth Signal:
...repeated...
CDMA example
Low-Bandwidth Signal:
and transmit.
CDMA example
To Decode / Receive, take the signal:
CDMA example
To Decode / Receive, take the signal:
to get ...
CDMA example
To Decode / Receive, take the signal:
to get ...
(Discuss noise)
To Decode / Receive, take the signal:
to get ...
for example, let's just shift the same code left a bit:
for example, let's just shift the same code left a bit:
Audience Participation
Data
x
Spreading Code
=
CDMA
Audience Participation
RIGHT side of room:
LEFT side of room:
Take some data
Take some data
(pick a letter)
(pick a letter)
Multiply by Spreading Multiply by Spreading
Code A
Code B
Transmit CDMA to
Transmit CDMA to
me
me
Audience Participation
Data
Letter
Data
2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Data
Letter
Data
2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
3
1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
-1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
-1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
1 -1
-1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
-1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
-1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
-1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
Example TX
Data
x
Spreading
Code
=
7
CDMA
1
x
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1
-1
-1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
(Step 7)
1
x
1
=
1
Data
x Spreading Code
= CDMA
1
x
-1
=
-1
-1
x
1
=
-1
-1
x
-1
=
1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
-1 1
-1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
-1 1
-1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 -1 1
Example RX
9
10
BAND
Spreading
Code
=
Demod
Add these
Total
1 or -1?
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
Example RX
10
11
BAND
Spreading
Code
=
Demod
Add these
Total
1 or -1?
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
-2 -3 7
-3 2
-6 5
-4 -4 3
-5 5
Example RX
11
BAND
Spreading
Code
=
Demod
Add these
Total
1 or -1?
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
-2 -3 7
-3 2
-6 5
-4 -4 3
-5 5
-3
Example RX
11
12
BAND
Spreading
Code
=
Demod
Add these
Total
1 or -1?
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
-2 -3 7
-3 2
-6 5
-4 -4 3
-5 5
-3
-1
Data
Letter
Data
2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Step 14:
Work out what went wrong? :-(
Supplemental Material