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SYSTEM (ANS)
Zahreni Hamzah
Rahardyan Parnaadji
Lab. Fisiologi Bag Biomedik FKG Univ. Jember
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Organization Similarities
of SNS and ANS
Are efferent divisions
Carry motor commands:
SNS controls skeletal muscles
ANS controls visceral effectors
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Organization Similarities
of SNS and ANS
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Pelepasan Neurotransmitter
Serabut preganglion parasimpatis
melepaskan neurotransmitter asetilkolin
(ACh) yang ditangkap oleh reseptor
kolinergik nikotinik badan sel
pascaganglion.
Efek dari penangkapan ACh oleh reseptor
nikotinik menyebabkan pembukaan kanal
ion nonspesifik, menyebabkan influx
terutama ion Na+
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Pelepasan Neurotransmitter
Serabut preganglion simpatis melepaskan
neurotransmitter ACh yang ditangkap oleh
reseptor nikotinik yang berada di badan sel
neuronpascaganglion.
Serabut pascaganglion melepaskan
noradrenalin (atau norepinefrin) dan ditangkap
oleh reseptor adrenergik.
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Sympathetic Division :
Kicks in only during exertion, stress, or
emergency
Parasympathetic Division :
Controls during resting conditions
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Cranial Nerve
Ganglion
Effector Organ(s)
Occulomotor (III)
Ciliary
Eye
Facial (VII)
Pterygopalatin
Submandibular
Hypothalamic
Control
Sacral
Outflow
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Glossopharyngeal Otic
(IX)
Parotid salivary
glands
Vagus (X)
S2-S4
Large intestine,
urinary bladder,
ureters, and
reproductive organs
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Visceral Reflexes
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SANS
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Sympathetic Receptors
Sympathetic Receptors
Alpha receptors
Beta receptors
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Alpha () Receptors
(activated by enzymes on inside of cell membrane)
Reseptor -1
More common type of
alpha receptor
Releases intracellular
calcium ions from
reserves in
endoplasmic
reticulum
Has excitatory effect
on target cell
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Reseptor -2
Lowers cAMP levels
in cytoplasm
Has inhibitory effect
on the cell
Helps coordinate
sympathetic and
parasympathetic
activities
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Beta () Receptors
Affect membranes in many organs (skeletal muscles,
lungs, heart, and liver)
Trigger metabolic changes in target cell
Changes occur indirectly
Each is a G protein
Stimulation increases intracellular cAMP levels
Beta-1 (1) - Increases metabolic activity
Beta-2 (2)
Causes inhibition
Triggers relaxation of smooth muscles along respiratory tract
Beta-3 (3)
Is found in adipose tissue
Leads to lipolysis, the breakdown of triglycerides in adipocytes
Releases fatty acids into circulation
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Adrenal Medulla
Preganglionic fibers entering adrenal
gland proceed to center (adrenal medulla)
Modified sympathetic ganglion
Preganglionic fibers synapse on
neuroendocrine cells
Specialized neurons secrete hormones
into bloodstream
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7 Responses to Increased
Sympathetic Activity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Parasympathetic Division
Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem
and sacral segments of spinal cord
Synapse in ganglia close to (or within)
target organs
Preganglionic fibers are long
Postganglionic fibers are short
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Parasympathetic Activation
Centers on relaxation, food processing,
and energy absorption
Localized effects, last a few seconds at
most
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Parasympathetic Receptors
Action of Nicotinic Receptors
Exposure to ACh causes excitation of
ganglionic neuron or muscle fiber
Open chemically gated channels in
postsynaptic membrane
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3. Secretion of hormones
4. Changes in blood flow and glandular activity:
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Parasympathetic division
The parasympathetic division release ACh
Body wall and skeletal muscles are not
innervated by parasympathetic division
Both NE and ACh needed to regulate
visceral functions
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Sympathetic Stimulation
Parasympathetic
Stimulation
Iris (eye
muscle)
Pupil dilation
Pupil constriction
Salivary
Glands
Saliva production
reduced
Saliva production
increased
Heart
Lung
Stomach
Peristalsis reduced
Kidney
Decreased urine
secretion
Increased urine
secretion
Bladder
Wall relaxed
Sphincter closed
Wall contracted
Sphincter relaxed
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