Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Sergio Osmena
Manuel Roxas
Elpidio Quirino
Ramon Magsaysay
Carlos. Garcia
Diosdado P. Macapagal
Ferdinand Marcos
Sergio Osmena
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
rank.
Foreign Policies
International banking
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
Elpidio Quirino
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
Quirino-Foster Agreement
Foreign Policies
Quirino-Foster Agreement
Foreign Policies
Quirino-Foster Agreement
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policies
SEATO
Foreign Policies
SEATO
Foreign Policies
Defense Council
Foreign Policies
The agreement replaced the unpopular Bell Trade Act, which tied the economy of the
Philippines to that of United States economy.
Foreign Policies
Bandung Conference
Foreign Policies
Reparations agreement
Domestic Policies
Domestic Policies
Austerity Program
In the face of the trying conditions of the country, President
Garca initiated what has been called "The Austerity
Program". Garca's administration was characterized by its
austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive
nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for
complete economic freedom and added that the government
no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests
(especially American) in the national economy. He promised
to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade,
commerce and industry." Garca was also credited with his
role in reviving Filipino cultural arts.
Foreign Policies
Foreign Policy
BohlenSerrano
Domestic Policies
Austerity Program
The main points of the Austerity Program were:
The government would tighten up its controls to prevent abuses in the over shipment of
exports under license and in under-pricing as well.
There would be a more rigid enforcement of the existing regulations on barter shipments.
Government imports themselves were to be restricted to essential items.
The government also would reduce rice imports to a minimum.
An overhauling of the local transportation system would be attempted so as to reduce the
importation of gasoline and spare parts.
The tax system would be revised so as to attain more equitable distribution of the
payment-burden and achieve more effective collection from those with ability to pay.
There would be an intensification of food production.
The program was hailed by the people at large and confidence was expressed
that the measures proposed would help solve the standing problems of the
Republic.
Diosdado Macapagal
Foreign Policies
Sabah Claim
Foreign Policies
Maphilindo
Foreign Policies
Vietnam War
AFilipinolawyer and
politician who served as
President of the Philippines
from 1965 to 1986.
He ruled undermartial
lawfrom 1972 until 1981.
Foreign Policies
Relation with Communist State in Asia
President Marcos announced to the Filipino people his policy of establishing
relations with communist countries such as the People's Republic of Chine (June
9, 1975) and the Soviet Union (June 2, 1976).
Relations with the United States was modified.
It was no longer based on the "sentemental ties" but on mutual respect for each
other's national interest. Thus, the military and economic agreements between
U.S. and the Philippines were amended to reflect this new relationship.
In the amendments to the RP-U.S. Military Bases Agreement of 1947, the U.S.
acknowledged the sovereignty of the Philippines over the American military
bases in the country (Subic and Clark). These bases would have a Filipino
commander and would fly the Philippine flag. IN addition, the U.S agreed to pay
rentals to the Philippines for the use of the bases.
Foreign Policies
Marcos established closer ties with the Asian countries.
The Philippines became a leading member of the Third-World
the collective name for the developing countries at that time.
Joining International Organizations.
The Philippines actively participated in such world conferences
as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) meeting held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1976 and in the
International Meeting on "Cooperation and Development held
by the heads of 21 nations in Cancun, Mexico, in 1981.
Foreign investment was encouraged: an exportprocessing zone was opened; a range of additional
investment incentives was created, and the
Philippines projected itself onto the world economy
as a country of low wages and industrial peace. The
inflow of international capital increased dramatically.
To finance the boom, the government extensively
resorted to international debt, hence the
characterization of the economy of the Marcos era as
"debt driven."