1.

Transportation- materials
transported to and away from
the cells
Materials transported are:

Nutrients such as glucose

Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
Cellular metabolic wastes
Chemical messengers hormones
released and carried to another part of
the body where they regulate cell
activity (coordinating activities
throughout the body)

2. Regulation
Body Temperature-Blood absorbs

heat from warm areas and moves it to

cooler areas
pH and water- maintain constant levels

3. Protection
Defend against invading organisms

- Blood carries specialized cells and

chemicals which defend the body
against disease causing organisms such
as bacteria, viruses and protists
Defend against blood loss from an injury
- has the ability to clot

Plasma- clear, yellowish liquid

55% of total volume of blood in

body
Contains the following- (function
follows):
I. Water (90%)- acts as a solvent for all
other dissolved substances
II. Electrolytes (salts)- water balance
in cells controlling cell membrane
permeability

Components of
Blood
III. Proteins1. Albumin- keeps water from entering the
blood and leaving the cell by osmosis
2. Fibrinogen- aids in clotting
3. Globulins- transport other proteins or
fight infections (antibodies)

IV. Nutrients- glucose, fatty

acids, amino acids, vitamins,
proteins, enzymes

Components of
Blood
V. Hormones- produced by
endocrine glands to affect
another part of the body
VI. Respiratory GasesCarbon Dioxide waste from
cellular respiration and a
little oxygen

Formed Components
(45% of total volume
of the blood)

Red Blood cells, White Blood

cells, Platelets

a. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Cytoplasm filled with hemoglobin
(protein that contains iron)- used for
binding O2 ( some CO2 )
Cells are disc-shaped, have no nucleus

Red Blood Cells

Formed by- bone marrow (red)

Function- transport O2 and help

transport CO2
5-6 million cells/mm3 of blood (30
trillion in human body)
Life span- 120 days

Worn out cells removed and

broken down by liver

White Blood Cells

b. White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
(WBC)
Colorless, with a nucleus, larger

than red blood cells

Function- to protect body from
disease-causing organisms
(bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi) or
anything that is foreign
5-10,000 /mm3 (60 billion in human
body)

White Blood Cells

Formed- in bone marrow (some lymphatic

tissue)
4 different kinds of WBCs
Neutrophils and monocytes- use
phagocytosis to engulf (eat) foreign
invaders
Lymphocytes- Killer T-cells (attack foreign
invaders) and B-cells (produce antibodiesprotein used to identify and alert the
bodys defenses to foreign invaders)

Esinophils (involved with allergies and

fighting parasites) and basophils

(release histamine involved with
inflammation in allergies)

Platelets
C. Platelets (thrombocytes)
Made up of cell fragments (bits

of cytoplasm with no nuclei)

Function- involved with clotting
(thrombosis),(blood clot- thrombus)
Many substances coming
together to form a solid mass to
plug an injured blood vessel
Clot stops the bleeding, contracts
and hardens

Platelets

Formed- in
bone marrow

250-400
thousand/mm3
(1.5 trillion in
human body)

Common Blood
Disorders

Anemia- lack of red blood cells or

insufficient amount of Hemoglobin
Symptoms- body cells not getting
enough oxygen so you feel tired

Anemia

Treatment- increase iron in body ( eat

iron rich foods such as spinach and
Vitamin B12 intake), may need blood
transfusion in extremely serious
Sickle-cell Anemia- genetic disease
causing thin crescent shaped red
blood cells which cannot carry as
much O2 and also clog blood vessels
causing severe pain

Leukemia

Leukemia too many selfattacking white blood cells

(Cancer of the blood)
Symptoms- WBC attack your own

body- eventually can lead to

death
Treatment- cancer drug treatment
and a bone marrow transplant will
be needed

Hemophilia

Hemophilia inability to clot (very

slow clotting)
Symptoms- bleeding for a prolonged period of

time without clotting (could lead to

bleeding to death)
Treatment- coagulant (clotting) drugs
given when and injury occurs