AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE AND F

REQUENCY REGULATION
USING PLC

TEAM MEMBERS

JINU S VARGHESE
PENOSH PAUL
SIJU P MUTTATH
PRIYAMOL P
NADEEARA BEEVI K A
SWATHY T V
Methods for AVFR
•Mechanical controlling

•Microcontroller based systems

•PLC based systems

•Industrial computers
Disadvantages of mechanical system
Continuous monitoring required
Huge machines
High maintenances cost
More human resources
Large recovery time
Disadvantages of microcontroller
based systems
Complex circuit
Large number of instructions
Advantages of PLC system
PLCs are very good for controlling outputs (based
on
inputs).
They are amazingly robust, and able to stand all
sorts of difficult conditions
They last from 10 to 25 years
 They do not have contacts that wear out
. They also can switch fairly quickly without
heating up much
The cooling costs are decreased. Also, if need be,
they can be quite a ways away from the
It have communication abilities.
Generating station layout
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
PROPOSDED SYSTEM
Control strategy
•Program Logic Controllers have three basic
functions.
 Control
 Input
 Output.
• Based on Inputs, and the logic written in the control
(known as Ladder Logic, or Sequence), outputs are
activated.
•Based on the concept above we can control the
voltage and frequency
F=P N/120
F= Frequency of induced emf
P=No of poles
N=Speed of rotor in RPM
Water power =w QH kg m
w = specific gravity of water
Q= Quantity of water
H= head of water
U/DN=a constant
U-tangential velocity
D-runner diameter
V/U=a constant
V-absolute velocity of water
Q/D^2=k v
Q/D^3N=a constant
Voltage control
The voltage of alternator can be kept
constant by changing the field current
Automatic and hand operated regulator
can be used for this purpose
The existing AVR methods are
 Tirril Regulator
 Brown-Boveri regulator
In the proposed system AVR by an
electronics regulator