Wind Tunnel Modelling in

Conservation

Stanislav Pospil, Milo Drdck, Zuzana

Slkov, Jaroslav Lesk, Dagmar Knotkov
Institute of Theoretical and Applied
Mechanics, AS CR
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1 Introduction and motivation

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2 Current status
Several wind tunnels available but only few
combine more effects -> CWT
Mostly designated to automotive industry
For buildings and urban zones ->
athmospheric WT
CWT Nantes (CSTB) - 1990, aerod.
characteristics of full scale supercritical
Reynolds numbers real, large scale
physical simulation
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2 Current status CWT, BLWT

CLIMATIC WIND TUNNEL
rain-250 mm/h
sand conc. - 10 g/m3 in a
10 m2 section
-25 C to +50 C and
relative humidity from 30%
to 100%
flow speed can be set from
90 km/h to 140 km/h.
snow mantle (15 cm/h) on
the 200 m2 floor of the test
chamber.

BL WIND TUNNEL
flow speed from 0 km/h to
140 km/h.
visualization

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3 Gothic sandstone pinnacles

subjected to a combined climatic load
Gothic pinnacles from one of the most important
late medieval Gothic churches, St. Barbaras in Kutn
Hora (Bohemia), were exposed to accelerated clima
for a period of four days in order to test the
efficiency of hydrophobic surface coating
Usually individual effects are analysed
CWT based research - unique opportunity for the
analyse the behaviour of historic materials subjected
to combined climatic loads
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3 Gothic sandstone pinnacles

subjected to a combined climatic load
Real
structure
Complex
shape

St. Barbara
catedral
Influence of the wind direction
on the deterioration of valuable
architectural detail
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3 Gothic sandstone pinnacles

subjected to a combined climatic load

Weighting of
the specimens

Loading of the specimen

by low and high
temperature cycles

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3 Gothic sandstone pinnacles

subjected to a combined climatic load
Thermocamera analysis

lower temperature scan

higher temperature
scan

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3 Gothic sandstone pinnacles

subjected to a combined climatic load
Temperature changes are very sensitive to the
shape of details of complex architectural forms.
Cooling and evaporation are highly influenced by
the wind flow, especially cold wind flow.
Driven rain increases the water penetration into
the stone only at the beginning
A hydrophobic surface coating protects the stone
very well, if applied compactly on a sufficiently
large area of interest. product.
Our technique can be advantageously applied for
studying the air flow and eddies around complex
shapes and forms.

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3 Corrosion due to weather and air

pollution
CZ National
MUSEUM

Corrosion due to
particles deposition- wind
analysis is important

Plan view of the building

and soiling sensors
placement

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3 Corrosion due to weather and air

pollution
Wind tunnel analysis
Dust deposition
1. optical
determination-big
costly effort
2. fine weighting
procedure

New adhesive samplers has been

used with success.
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3 Corrosion due to weather and air

pollution
There has been no unambiguous relation between
the deposition degree on the samplers at the
models with differrent scales
More experiments are needed in order to
understand scale factors and similitude between
the prototype and models.
The spectrofotometric method has been used with
good results

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3 Wind and wind driven rain damage

to historical objects
use of numerical
calculation need to be
confronted with
experiments
laser sheet fluid
visualization

Pressure taps on
several levels

Benchmark objects
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3 Wind and wind driven rain damage

to historical objects RMS pressures
patterns
nu
m

virtual wind tunnel with

appropriate numerical
model can give
qualitatively reliable
results

ex
p

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4 Conclusions
Three examples demonstrating the
exposure of HO to wind and combined
load were presented
There is evident need of experimental
facility for the multidimensional science
like heritage conservation
The use of CWT can create the link
between individual researches and
therefore focus on synergetic effects
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