Chapter 08 - ABAP Dictionary Objects-Views

IBM Global Business Services
ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views
ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |
Dec-2008
IBM Corporation 2013
Objectives
The participants will be able to:
Define a View.
Explain the different Relational Operations.
Discuss the different types of Views.
Discuss how to use Views in an ABAP program.
Dec-2008
What is a View?
Views are used to look into one or more tables.
A view does not contain data of its own.
Dec-2008
The Most Basic Form of a View

In its most basic form, a view simply mirrors an entire database table
Dec-2008
The Relational Operations

We can use views to Join several tables, Project (or choose) certain fields
from one or more tables & Select (or choose) certain records from one or
more tables.
Projection
Table 1
Selection
Table 2
Join
Table 3
Table 4
View C
View A
View B
Dec-2008
The Projection Operation

The projection operation is used to narrow a views focus to certain fields in a
table.
Projection
Table 1
View A
Dec-2008
Specifying Projected Fields
Can use any field name if database view,

otherwise must be same name as table field.
Dec-2008
The Selection Operation

The selection operation is used to narrow a views focus to certain records in a
table.
Selection
Table 2
Example:
Staff Level <= 3
View B
Dec-2008
Specifying Selection Criteria
Can include unprojected fields
Dec-2008
The Join Operation

The join operation is used to combine information from multiple tables into a
single view.
Join
Table 3
Table 4
View C
10
Dec-2008
The Necessity of the Join Operation

Database design principles often require related data to be stored in separate
tables. This is called normalising.
Employee
ID
Name
Salary 1
Salary 2
Salary 3
Salary
ID
Name
Salary
5579
Smith
$10,000.00
5579
Smith
$11,000.00
Wrong
11
5579
Smith
$12,000.00
5579
Smith
$13,000.00
Dec-2008
Understanding the Join Operation

The join operation essentially reverses the normalising process.
The result of a join is a view that looks like a table with redundant data.
Employee
ID
Name
Salary
12
ID
Salary
Date Effective
5579
$10,000.00
10/1/91
5579
$11,000.00
10/1/92
5579
$12,000.00
10/1/94
5579
$13,000.00
10/1/96
Dec-2008
Right
The Join Operation and Foreign Keys

Therefore, in order to use the join operation in SAP, you must first ensure that
the appropriate foreign key relationships exist among the tables to be joined.
Primary
Join
Table 3
Secondary
Table 4
View C
13
Dec-2008
Specifying Joined Fields

Indicate base tables that data will come from.
Join Conditions
Hit button to see related tables and

automatically generate join conditions.
14
Dec-2008
Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary

Database View
Projection View
Help View
Maintenance View
15
Dec-2008
The Database View

The database view is the only type of view in SAP that is physically created at
the database level.
Database View
Database
DB
16
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Creation of a database view using two related database tables.
17
Dec-2008
Practice
Creation of a database view using two related database tables.
18
Dec-2008
The Projection View

The projection view is a logical view. In this context, the word logical means
that the view exists within the ABAP Dictionary but is not recognized by the
underlying database system.
Projection View
View C
19
Dec-2008
Database vs. Projection Views

Projection View
Database View
Can be built over many tables

Must be built over a single table
Data can be updated if the view is built
Data can be updated
over a single table
Data updates must use open SQL
Data updates can use open or native SQL
Updates are less efficient
Updates are more efficient
Fields in the view must be named the same Fields in the view can be named differently
as the fields in the underlying table
from the fields in the underlying table
Cant be buffered
Can be buffered
20
Dec-2008
Other Types of Views

Help View:
Help views can be used as selection methods for Search Helps.It might be
necessary to create a Help View if you are trying to accomplish an outer join.
Maintenance View:
These views permit maintenance of base table data. Transactions SM30 and
SE54 are provided for working with maintenance views.
21
Dec-2008
Using a View in Program Code
DATA : WA_YXXEMP_V TYPE YXXEMP_V.

SELECT
FROM
*
YXXEMP_V INTO WA_YXXEMP_V.
WRITE:
WA_YXXEMP_V-EMP_ID,
WA_YXXEMP_V-LAST_NAME,
WA_YXXEMP_V-FIRST_NAME.
ENDSELECT.
22
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Select data from the database view created earlier and display selected data in a
report.
23
Dec-2008
Practice
Select data from the database view created earlier and display selected data in a
report.
24
Dec-2008
Summary
Views are used to look into one or more tables. A view does not contain data of its
own.
The projection operation is used to narrow a views focus to certain fields
in a table.
The Selection Operation is used to narrow a views focus to certain records
in a table.
The Join Operation is used to combine information from multiple tables into a
single view.
Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary are Database View, Projection View, Help
View & Maintenance View.
The syntax to reference a view in an ABAP program is the same syntax we use to
reference a table.
25
Dec-2008
Questions
What is a View ?
What is a Database view ?
What is a Projection view ?
What is a Maintenance view ?
What is a Help view ?
26
Dec-2008

Chapter 08 - ABAP Dictionary Objects-Views

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IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Most Basic Form of a View

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Relational Operations

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Projection Operation

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Specifying Projected Fields

Can use any field name if database view,

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Selection Operation

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Specifying Selection Criteria

Can include unprojected fields

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Join Operation

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Necessity of the Join Operation

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Understanding the Join Operation

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Join Operation and Foreign Keys

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Specifying Joined Fields

Hit button to see related tables and

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary

ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

The Database View