Research Design

Observational vs Experimental
D I D I K S E T I AWA N

Purpose of This Study

Student can analyze and determine which

methods can be used for every research

problems

Definition

A plan,
It include
structure,
an outline
and strategy
of whatofthe
investigation
investigator
sowill
conceived
do from as
writing
to obtain
the
A plan,
Thestructure,
plan is theand
complete
strategy
scheme
of investigation
or program
soof
conceived
the research
as to obtain
It include
The
plan is
anthe
outline
complete
of what
scheme
the investigator
or program will
of the
do research
from writing the

Definition

A procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to answer questions

Function of Research Design

Identification and/or development of procedures and logical arrangemen

Type of Research

Type of research
Pure Experimental
Quasi
experimental

Research Design
(Rancangan Penelitian)

Research Design
OBSERVATIONAL

Observational

Observational Descriptive
Purpose

Case Report

Case Series

Incidence and Prevalence

Incidence

Jan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Feb

Kejadian kanker di Manitoba,

1987

Mar

Apr

Mei

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

X
D

X
X
D

D
C

C
X

D
D
D

D
D=Diagnosed

X
D
C

X
C=cured

X=Died

8= 0,0408 (40,8/1000)
----Annual incidence =
7
196
----Prevalence, Juli = = 0,0354 (35,4/1000
198

PREVALENSI
1981

1982

1983
Onset
Durasi
100 orang

Insidens
3 tahun?
tiap tahun?
1

Studi prevalence vs incidence

INSIDENSI
Numerator

PREVALENSI

kasus baru, 1 Semua kasus

periode waktu, tidak
sakit pada awalnya
DenominatorSemua orang yang
Kasus + non kasus
dicurigai, pada awal
periode
Time
Duration of the period Single point
Bagaimana
mengukur?

Semua

Cohort

Cross

sectional
study

Studi
Studi prevalence
prevalence vs
vs
incidence
incidence
Umur

Annual
incidence

Prevalence

Duration

0-5

6/1000

29/1000

4.8 years

6-16

3/1000

32/1000

10.7 years

17-44

2/1000

26/1000

13 years

45-64

1/1000

33/1000

33 years

65+

2/1000

36/1000

18 years

Prevalence
Duration = --------------------Annual incidence

Case Control

Case Control Study Design

A

Exposure (+)

Exposure (-)

Exposure (+)

Exposure (-)

Case (+)

Control (-)

Past

Present

What is Odds Ratio

Odds Ratio
ORparameters
Is
Odds
: AD/BC
ratio describe
whichthe
is stated
possibility
that of
there
the is
exposure
a connection
groupbetween
will
risk factor and
experience
the outcome
outcome compared by the control group

Outcome

Total

AD

OR =

Expo
sure

Total

A+C

B+D

B+C

C+D

-------------
BC
How Interpret O
R

How To Interpret The OR

OR = 2,45; 95% CI (1,85:2,92)

OR = 1,85; 95% CI (0,95-2,25)

Cross Sectional

Continued

Cohort Study

Cohort Study Design

Risk Factor (+)

Risk Factor
(-) / control

Outcome (+)

Outcome (-)

Outcome (+)

Outcome (-)

Present

Future

What is Risk Ratio

Risk Ratio
RRparameters
Is
Risk
: ((A/A+B)/(C/C+D))
ratio describe
which
the
is possibility
stated thatofthere
the exposure
is a connection
group will
between
risk factor and
experience
the outcome
outcome compared by the control group

Outcome

Expo
sure

Total

Total

A+B

C+D

A+C

B+D

A/

(A+B)
RR =
-------------
C/
(C+D)
How Interpret R
R

How To Interpret The RR

RR = 2,45; 95% CI (1,85:2,92)

RR = 1,85; 95% CI (0,95-2,25)

Any Question?

What Study Design Will u use to answer this question?

Bagaimana

Tugas

Research Design
EXPERIMENTAL
(INTERVENTIONAL)

Experimental Study Design

Experimental
No Randomization
Randomized
Quasi
Study
Experimental
Controlled Trial

Randomized Controlled (Clinical) Trial

RCT Study Design