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Special Woods

and
Wood
Alternatives

Engineered wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board; includes a


range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or
fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood,
together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite
materials.
With reconstituted wood materials, changes in properties are studied at the
fibre, particle, flake, or veneer level. Properties of such materials can be
changed by combining, reorganizing, or stratifying these elements.
The basic wood elements that can be used in the production of
wood-based panels

Three general categories: plywood, particle and fiber


composites, and woodnon wood composites.
The third category, woodnon-wood composites, includes products
made from combining wood fibers with agricultural fibers, with
thermoplastics, and with inorganic materials.
Conventional wood composite materials fall into five main
categories based on the physical configuration of the wood used to
make the products: plywood, oriented strand board,
particleboard, hardboard, and cellulosic fiber board.
Can be tailored to the end-use application of the product.
Varying the physical configuration of the wood.
Adjusting the density of the composites.
Other ways include varying the resin type and amount and
incorporating additives to increase water or fire resistance or to
resist specific environmental conditions.

CLASSIFICATION OF WOODBASED
COMPOSITES
Veneer-based material
Plywood
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
Parallel-laminated veneer (PLV)

Laminates
Laminated beams
Over laid materials
Wood non-wood composites

Composite material

Cellulosic fibreboard
Hardboard
Particleboard
Wafer board
Flake board
Oriented strand board (OSB)

PARTICLE VARIATION EFFECT ON


CHARACTERISTIC
Larger particles - higher strength properties
Wood particle geometry is important typically, the anatomical longitudinal
direction should parallel the long axis of the particle.
Parallel alignment of particles gives strength properties more similar to solid
wood
Higher in longitudinal direction.
Asymmetric.

Smaller particles - smoother surface


More adhesive - higher strength properties and water resistance
Composites swell more than solid wood upon exposure to water (except
veneer-based products)

PLYWOOD

PLYWOOD
Plywood is a flat panel built up of sheets of veneer called plies, united under
pressure by a bonding agent to create a panel with an adhesive bond between plies.
The properties of plywood depend on the quality of the different layers of veneer,
order of layer placement, adhesive used, and control of bonding conditions.
It is always constructed with an odd number of layers with the grain direction of
adjacent layers oriented perpendicular to one another.

Since layers can consist of a single ply or of two or more plies


laminated such that their grain is parallel, a panel can contain an
odd or even number of plies but always an odd number of layers.
The outside plies are called faces or face and back plies; the inner
plies are called cores or centres; and the plies with grain
perpendicular to that of the face and back are called cross bands.

SPECIFICATIONS
The top selling and most commonly manufactured plywood
size in India is 8 feet by 4 feet. Other sizes such as 8x3, 7x4,
7x3, 6x4 and 6x3 sq.feet are also manufactured.

Brand

Price/per sq.
ft.
(Rs.)

The core may be veneer, lumber, or particleboard, with the Duro


total panel thickness typically not less than 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) Commercial
or more than 76 mm (3 in.).
Greenply
Plywood can be glued, screwed, cut and sawed, and fasteners CenturyPly
can be used too, much like solid wood.

USES
SOFTWOOD: Floors, walls and roofs in houses; wind bracing panels, vehicle internal
body work packages and boxes, and fencing.
HARDWOOD: Panels in concrete form work systems, floors, walls and roofs in
transport vehicles, container floors, scaffolding.

32.54
34.52
35.84

Advantages
Improved utilization of wood.
Greater resistance to splitting
High strength-to-weight and strengthto-thickness ratios, and its stiffness
and strength are more equal in width
and length than are stiffness and
strength of solid wood
The form permits many applications
where large sheets are desirable.
Excellent dimensional stability along
its length and across its width.

Minimal
edge-swelling
makes
plywood perhaps the best choice for
adhesive-bonded tongue-and groove
joints, even where some wetting is
expected.

Disadvantages
Size:Plywood is available "off the shelf" almost
exclusively in unwieldy 4-foot-by-8-foot sheets.
Plywood cannot be made thinner by surfacing, as
can be done with lumber. Attempting to do so
will severely damage the plywood.
Can be custom-ordered in the same size and
shape as other lumber if desired, but the
expense is prohibitive.
More susceptible to moisture
damage than regular lumber.

and

weather

Capillary action, draw the water deep into the


wood. This compromises the integrity of both the
wood and the adhesive used to hold the layers
together.
Failure effects are catastrophic. Plywood, used
for sheathing, in shingle roofing, when fails,
comes to notice much later, when the failure is
pronounced that there is no alternative but to
remove and replace the entire sheet.

ORIENTED STRAND BOARD

ORIENTED STRAND BOARD


Oriented strand board is an engineered structural-use panel
manufactured from thin wood strands bonded together with
waterproof resin under heat and pressure.
Orientation of wood strands with a typical aspect ratio (that is,
strand length divided by width) of at least 3 can produce a panel
product with greater bending strength and stiffness in the oriented
or aligned direction.
OSB with aligned face
and random core

OSB with aligned


face
and aligned core

Brand

Price/per
piece
(8 x 4) Thick
7/16

LP Cumberland

Rs. 470.25

Tech Shield

Rs. 660.80

USES:
It is used extensively for roof, wall, and floor sheathing in
residential and commercial construction.
Performance OSB panels are specifically engineered for
floor, roof, and wall sheathing purposes in wood frame
construction.

SIZES:
Panels are available in nominal 4'x8' sheets (1220x2440
mm) or cut to size dimensions.
For industrial applications sizes up to 8'x24' (2440x7320
mm) and larger are available by special order. Some new
mills manufacture master panels up to 12' (3660 mm) wide
or other custom sizes from continuous presses.
The most common thicknesses are 1/4 ", 3/8", 7/16",
15/32", 19/32", 23/32". Other panel thicknesses including
7/8", 1-1/8" and 1-1/4" are available on special order.
Panels 19/32" and thicker are manufactured either squareedged or tongue and grooved on the long edge.

WORKABILITY
OSB is easy to saw, drill, nail, plane, file or sand. It contains wood, fully cured waterproof
and boil proof resin adhesive and a small amount of wax.
Normal carpentry tools can be used, but carbide tipped blades are recommended for
prolonged use.

NAILABILITY
The many interleaved layers create panels with good nail holding properties. Nails can be
driven as close as 1/4" from the panel edges without risk of splitting or breaking out.
However, an edge distance of 3/8" for structural applications is recommended.
Often power driven nails are used to fasten sheathing.

GLUABILITY

OSB may be glued with any adhesive recommended for wood.

For strong bonds, lightly sand the surfaces in the areas to be


glued.

PAINT ABILITY
OSB may be finished with any good quality paint system

recommended for wood. For best results, the surface must be


primed or sealed before painting .

Advantages
Available in large sizes. OSB can be
manufactured into larger panels than
plywood and offer more cost saving
options for todays builders
Consistent. Panels are dense and solid
throughout the product. OSB panels do
not have core voides like plywood panels
do
Good shear strength.
Resource-efficient.OSB panels are
considered greener by some as they are
manufactured from smaller, sustainablygrown trees rather than old-growth
forests
Affordable.

Disadvanages
Heavy. OSBs relative density could be
seen as a bad thing. a 23/32 plywood
panel weighs 2.2 pounds per square foot
compared to 2.4 pounds for an OSB panel
of the samethickness.
Lower moisture tolerance. When
plywood is exposed to moisture it swells
evenly throughout the panel and returns
to its nominal thickness as the wood dries.
Prone to swelling edges and
telegraphing.
Lower perceived value.Despite the fact
that plywood and OSB meet the same
performance requirements, the average
consumer assumes OSB is an inferior
product based on its look.

PARTICLE BOARD

PARTICLE BOARD
Need to dispose of large quantities of sawdust, planer shavings, and
to a lesser extent, the use of mill residues and other relatively
homogeneous waste materials produced by other wood industries.
Simply put, particleboard is produced by mechanically reducing the
material into small particles, applying adhesive to the particles, and
consolidating a loose mat of the particles with heat and pressure into
a panel product.
Particleboard is typically made in three layers. The faces of the board
consists of fine wood particles, and the core is made of the coarser
material.
However, particleboard is generally not as strong as fibreboard
because the fibrous nature of lignocelluloses is not exploited as well.

USES
Packaging materials, furniture and non-structural building
components.
Particleboard is used for furniture cores, where it is typically overlaid
with other materials for decorative purposes. Particleboard can be
used in flooring systems, in manufactured houses, for stair treads,

ADVANTAGES
Particleboard is cheaper,denserand more
uniform than conventional wood &plywoodand
is substituted for them when appearance and
strength are less important than cost.
For constructing, cabinet box and shelves, it is
well suited for attaching cabinet door hinges to
the sides of frameless cabinets. Plywood has
can feather off in sheaves when extreme
weight is placed on the hinges. In contrast,
particle board holds the screws in place under
similar
weight.
SIZE
AVAILABILITY
Thickn Length x Width (mm) Applications
ess

12mm 1800 x
450/600/900/1200
2400 x
450/600/900/1200
3600 x
450/600/1200/1800
16mm 1800 x
450/600/900/1200

Shelving
Furniture
Table
lamination
substrate
Storage
containers

DISADVANTAGES
Though it is denser than conventional
wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of
fibreboard, except for insulation board.
A major disadvantage of particleboard is
that it is very prone to expansion and
discoloration due to moisture, particularly
when it is not covered withpaintor another
sealer.
Therefore, it is rarely used outdoors or in
places where there are high levels of
moisture, with the exception of some
bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, where it
is commonly used as an underlayment - in
its moisture resistant variant - beneath a
continuous sheet ofvinylflooring.

PRODUCT BRANDS

FIBER BOARDS
MDF HDF - INSULATION BOARD

FIBERBOARD
The term fibreboard includes hardboard, medium-density fibreboard
(MDF), and insulation board.
Because wood is fibrous by nature, fibreboard exploits the inherent
strength of wood to a greater extent than does particleboard.
To make fibres for composites, bonds between the wood fibers must
be broken. In its simplest form, this is accomplished by attrition
milling. Attrition milling is an age-old concept whereby material is
fed between two disks, one rotating and the other stationary.
Fibreboard is normally classified by density and can be made by
either dry or wet processes. Dry processes are applicable to boards
with high density (hardboard) and medium density (MDF). Wet
processes are applicable to both high-density hardboard and lowdensity insulation board
They are derived from renewable resources and are biodegradable.

MEDIUM DENSITY
FIBERWall
BOARD
Decorative
cladding in
routed wave form or Jalis
Wooden Handicraft items/ Toys
and puzzles
Educational Tools/ Aids & casing
for scientific instruments/ Model
making
Exhibition Stalls & Display/ POP
Automotive interior cladding &
paneling
Photo lamination substrate
Routing & carving of trophies/
Medium- density fibreboard is frequently used in place of Gift items
solid wood, plywood, and particleboard in many furniture Routed Shutters for Kitchens &
applications. It is also used for interior door skins,
wardrobes with membrane or
mouldings, and interior trim components
polished surface

WORKABILITY
STAPLING
Staples can be used effectively for joint fitting. For best results it is
helpful to add adhesive to the joint prior to assembly.

SCREWS
The position of screws inserted into the faces and edges of MDF
should be decided in relation to board thickness and screw size.
Screws inserted into the edges should be not less than 25mm from
the corners. The screw must not be over tightened as further
turning will reduce the holding strength

NAILING
MDF Panels can be fixed by nailing with good holding power and no split out when the
following conditions are met:
Using either annular grooved or helical nails
Nails must be at least 25mm from the corner of the MDF panel.
Nailing is not recommended to edges of 9mm and 12mm, screwing is recommended.
Edge nailing is not recommended for MDF of 12mm thick or less.

SANDING AND FINISHING


Special attention to sanding edges gives excellent results

PAINTING
For best results application of three coats is recommended.
First coat primer/undercoat is critical to the final finish.

PRODUCT BRANDS

SIZE AVAILABILITY

MDF with veneer overlay. Edges


can be shaped and finished as
required by end product.

ADVANTAGES
It is inexpensive.
It can be painted or stained to
look just like wood.
No Grain or Knots- it easy to saw
MDF in any direction
Strong and Stiff.
Stable dimensions (won't expand
or contract like wood)
Shape well.

DISADVANTAGES
If one does not place nails at
close intervals, the board can
droop in the middle.
Urea-formaldehyde Resin and
Dust - Working with MDF is
hazardous to your health.
Not very durable
The wood may split and the
fasteners do not hold well. Holes
have to be pre-drilled for nails
and screws.
Dulls blades more quickly than
many woods
May warp or expand if not sealed.

Perforated Hardboard

HIGH
DENSITY
FIBRE
Shoe Heel & lasts
Laminate flooring
Substrates
Embossed Panels for
wall cladding
Kitchen shutters
Flat & molded door
skins
Decorative display
panels

The uses for hardboard can generally be grouped as


construction, furniture and furnishings, cabinet and store
work, appliances, and automotive and rolling stock. Typical
hardboard products are prefinished panelling, house siding
floor underlayment, and concrete form board.

Railway cushion base


Automotive internal
panels

ADVANTAGES
HDF comes with a smooth surface.
HDF is High density board has more
strength compared to MDF and
Particle board
Great solution for indoor and outdoor
furniture, wall panelling, furniture,
room partitions, and doors.
Has more durability and warpresistant characteristics as compared
to wood laminate flooring.

PRODUCT BRANDS

Shouguang Hongyu Board


Industry Co., Ltd.

DISADVANTAGES
A lot of carpenters prefer wood

block board compared to HDF as


they are more confident about
the nail holding capabilities of
natural wood whose blocks are
used to build the block board

SIZE AVAILABILITY
Pine Panels
2460mm x 2076mm x 6.4mm
2620mm x 1455mm x 7.3mm
2460mm x 2076mm x 7.6mm
2460mm x 2076mm x 9.4mm
2440mm x 2133mm x 11.4mm
2440mm x 2133mm x 11.6mm

CORK
Introduction

Corkis a prime component ofbarktissue


which separates the outer part from the
delicate interior, and is harvested for
commercial use. This naturally existing
material is actually made of waterresistantcells and is ideal for use in tile
flooring.
The bark is easily peeled away from the
trunk of a mature tree. The harvest takes
place
when the tree is growing strongly and
Applications
can done every 9-12 years and the tree lives
on for 150-200 years.

Cork Ceiling

Peeling of tree trunk to obtain cork

Cork Bathroom Floor


Tiles

Cork Floor Tiles

Flooring

Cork stacked for drying

Cork Grain

Cork Flooring in Kitchen

INSTALLATION
Cork Wall and Ceiling Tile Installation
Procedure:

Acclimatize and inspect tiles and wall ceiling surface.


Remove tiles from packaging. Spread out in room for at
least 72 hours prior to installation.
Prepare the cork tiles and wall/ceiling surface for
installation.
Water based contact cement should be used to adhere
tiles to substrate.
Installation
of Cork Floating Floors:
Spread contact cement over the entire back of the cork
The subfloor needs to be structurally sound and level
tiles and allow it to fully dry.
and smooth to allow cork panels to lay flat.
Floating cork floors can be installed over any hard
surface floors such as:
Cement, Plywood, Wood or laminates, Linoleum, Vinyl,
Ceramic, Stone.
Moisture precautions: Cork floating floors should
never be installed over any areas where there is any
indication of moisture beneath subfloors.
Moisture barrier:it is recommended that a moisture
barrier be used on all subgrade installations
(basements) or concrete slab installations.

Disadvantages:

Advantages

Cork is prone to damage and indentation


Cork is one of the most renewable wood products for a
caused due to heavy objects.
floor covering. These trees are protected. Only about
Cleaning of cork floors is cumbersome. It
two-thirds of the bark is removed from the tree and it
does not allow for wet mopping. Water
has enough bark left to make a natural defence and to
absorption can damage cork, making it
ensure a long life.
important that spills are cleaned up quickly. Cork flooring possesses a spring-like nature and hence
Discoloration of cork floors can occur when
has an inbuilt resistance to minor indentations.
exposed to direct sunlight over long periods
Because it is incredibly dense and has a unique
of time or due to age.
cellular structure that is impregnated with about 50%
The cost of cork is more than installing
of air.
most of the tiles or carpets.
Cork is soft and cushioning and has shock-absorbing
qualities.
Cork flooring absorbs sound and vibration, reducing
noise to a great extent.
The insulating quality is useful for lessening
heating/cooling costs.
The naturally occurring suberin in cork has an anti-

GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER


Introduction
GLULAM
A type of structuraltimberproduct comprising a

number of layers
ofdimensioned timber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant
structural adhesives.
These
structural
members
are
used
as
verticalcolumns,
horizontalbeams and curved, arched shapes and is available in a range
of species to meet varied end use requirements.
CUTTING OFF
Connections are usually made with bolts or
plain AND
steel dowels andsteel
KNOTS
plates.
OTHER WOOD

Production of Glulam

PRESSING

DEFECTS
PLANING OF
GLULAM
PLANING OF
LAMELLAS

DRYING OF
BOARDS

STRENGTH

PROFILES
INTERLOCKED BY
FINGER JOINTS

APPLICATION OF

FACTORY
ASSEMBLY AND
FURTHER

Glulam Forms and Sizes available


Standard beams
Available in both custom and stock sizes.
Stock beams manufactured in commonly used
dimensions and cut to length as ordered and needed.
Typical stock beam widths used in residential
construction include 3-1/8, 3-1/2, 5-1/8, 5-1/2, and 63/4 inches.
For spaces where long spans, unusually heavy loads, or
other circumstances control the design; custom
members are typically specified.
Common custom shapes include straight beams,
curved beams, pitched members, radial arches, and
ApplicationsIdeal for all building
Tudor arches.

Cut to size
Blocks

Hybrid

types

Commercial Buildings- Industrial Buildings


Easy to modify
Effective and quick

Agricultural BuildingsStandardized solution

Limitless lengths

Columns

Sports Facilities
Buildings
Public
Long spans Visually attractive

TYPICAL CONNECTION
DETAILS

Advantages over Traditional Sawn Wood


Optimizes the structural values of a renewable
resource-Wood. Large glulam members can be
manufactured from a variety of smaller trees
harvested from second and third-growth forests and
plantations.
Provides the strength and versatility of large wood
members without relying on the old growth-dependent
solid-sawn timbers.
Reduces the overall amount of wood used when
compared to solid sawn timbers by diminishing the
negative impact of knots and other small defects in
each component board.
High strength and stiffness of laminated timbers
enable beams and arches to span larger distances
without intermediate columns, than the traditional
timber construction. The size is limited only by
transportation and handling constraints.

Advantages over Other Materials


Glulam has much lowerembodied energythan
reinforced concrete and steel (1/6) ;however it entails
more energy than solid timber.
Glulam is 2/3 the weight of steel and 1/6 that of
concrete.

Glulam Product Brands

MINERAL ADDED HDPE PLASTIC LUMBER


Introduction
The mineral-added
high-density
polyethylene formula
used to manufacture
recycled plastic
lumber is one of a
kind in the synthetic
lumber industry. Its
added strength and
decreased
expansion/contractio
n properties allow
the material to
execute a variety of
tasks throughout a
diverse range of
applications.

MERITS
environmental sustainability, longevity, and consumer
friendliness.
HDPE plastic lumber is a recyclable material that can be used
over and over again. and it releases no toxic chemicals or
greenhouse gases into the environment.
Its resistance to decay and ability to withstand severe weather
a lifetime
of use, without
sacrificing ensures
the look no
of the
ensures
slip resistance,
waterproof
and UV-protector
product.
noticeable fading over time, even with constant exposure to
sunshine. boards are unaffected by saltwater, and because there
are no organic components in recycled plastic lumber is
to mold,
mildew and
bacteria.
impervious
used for many
applications,
including
decks, marine docks,
boardwalks and garden beds. It can also be used to make outdoor
furniture.

DECK AND DOCK PROFILE AVAILABLE IN MARKET

DECK AND DOCK PROFILE AVAILABLE IN MARKET

INSTALLATION
Decking Installation
Deck boards may be placed
perpendicular to the joist or placed
diagonally on the joist.Boards with
wood grain pattern are installed facing
up.

During installation, boards will be gapped end-to-end or end-totrim/house based on their location within the project. Proper
gapping is necessary to account for minimal expansion and will
depend on the length of the board and the temperature of the board
the time
of installation.
Recycledatplastic
lumber
performs best with the use of stainless steel flat head and
Composite deck screws. Hidden fastening systems can be used with grooved profiles.

LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER


Introduction
Laminated veneer lumber(LVL) is
anengineered
woodproduct
that
uses
multiple
layers
of
thinwoodassembled withadhesives.
It is comparable in strength to solid
timber, concrete and steel and is
manufactured by bonding together
rotary peeled or sliced thin wood
veneers
heatfor
and
pressure.
LVL can under
be used
many
structural
applications. Some of the most
popular uses of LVL include I-joist,
header, rimboards, truck bed decking,
roadway signpost, truss etc.

LVL PRODUCT BRANDS IN MARKET


Lumberworx

Pollmeier

Steico LVL

Pwood

Georgia pacific LP LVL


Manufacturing steps of LVL

PRODUCT SIZE AND PRICE LIST- LVL BOARDS


Board dimension - Pwood
Length: Up to 13.2m, longer lengths to
special order.
Width: 95 to 600mm.
Thickness: 36mm, 45mm and 63mm Note:
75 and 100mm thicknesses are available
Board dimension - Pollmeier
to special order.

Board dimension Steico LVL


Price List Steico LVL

INSTALLATION

Beam to beam connection Bearing on wood columnBearing on steel column

Fastening requirements for top and side loaded members


Pocket in concrete or masonry
Cutting method of a LVL board

ADVANTAGES
low variability in strength and stiffness
properties make LVL both predictable
and
reliable.
The exceptional
straightness without
spring, bow or twist in LVL beams leads
to a reduced need for nogging and
allows
accurate of
and
fast
installation.
The
availability
long
lengths
coupled
with lightness and straightness
provides design flexibility and ease of
construction.
Structural LVL is seasoned so it is quite
stable and not subject to shrinkage
concerns.

APPLICATIONS
Post and beams in
faade construction

For ceiling elements


with high load transfer

DISADVANTAGES
the product may result in some
defect, such as warping, if it is not
properly stored in the warehouse.
LVL requires high capital investment to
have relatively low production cost.

For hollow box ceilings


of low thickness

WOOD PLASTIC
COMPOSITES
Introduction
Wood-plastic composites(WPCs) arecomposite materialsmade ofwood
fiber /wood flourand thermoplastic(s) (includespolyethene,polypropylene
or polystyrene etc.).
In addition to it WPCs can also contain other ligno cellulosic or inorganic
filler materials.
This new material has the appearance and qualities of the rarest species of
wood while offering a truly eco-friendly alternative. It offers superior
physical and mechanical properties to those of hardwood.

AVAILABILITY
Available in the form of boards , tiles, joists, sidings , window and door
frames and fencings.
WPC boards

Joists

siding panels in WPC

BOARDS
WPC boards are available in the general sheet sixe of 8 ft. * 4 ft (2440
mm * 1220 mm) with the thickness of 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm
and 18 mm.

RAILINGS
WPC railings are available inLength: 2 ft * 4 ft.
Width: 3 Inches * 4 Inches &
Thickness: 12mm * 15mm.

SIDING
For the cladding purpose , they are in sizes of Length: 2 Ft* 4 Ft
Width: 3 Inches *4 Inches &
Thickness: 6mm * 8mm.

PRICES
Flooring : 1098 INR per sq. Mt.
Decking : 1300 to 1500 INR per sq. Mt.
Tiles
: 250 to 600 INR per Mt.
Coloured flooring panels : 1600 INR per sq. Mt.

BRANDS
Brands available are PLASTROCK , AKD POLYMERS , PLAMADERA ,

INSTALLATION
It is installed using drilling , screwing and fastening.
Pre-drill all holes at 3/4 of diameter of the actual screw.
Screws should be placed about 3/4" from either
end of the width of the 8 ft. * 4 ft. Board.

APPLICATIONS
It is most widely used for outdoor deck
floors.
It it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping
timbers,claddingand siding, parkbenches,molding and
trim,windowanddoorframes, and Indoor furniture.

ADVANTAGES

WPCs do not corrode and are highly resistant to rot, decay, and Marine
Borer attack, due to lack of moisture present unlike that of natural wood.
They are manufactured in a variety of colors and are widely available in
greys and earth tones.
WPC formulations are also sensitive to staining from a variety of agents.
WPC offers superior water resistance when compared tobasic woodwith
minimal
expansion.
One advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be
moulded to meet almost any desired shape.
WPCs can be subjected to the same
processes, including planning, drilling, and
sanding.
Nails, screws, and other fasteners often
achieve greater hold when used with WPC than with lumber.

DISADVANTAGES

WPCs have a lower strength and stiffness than wood, and they
experience time and temperature-dependent behaviour.
Monolithic composite sheets are relatively heavy which limits their use to
applications were low weight is not essential.
The inclusion of plastic as a portion of the composite results in the

HEMP
Hemp seeds are mixed with lime and concrete to
be used as a material for construction.
It has extremely good insulating properties.
Hemp hurds are mixed with a combination of
lime products to produce a light weight,
insulating, breathing material.
The mixture of lime to hurds varies with the type
of construction application and
prevailing climatic conditions.
Hemp lime
blocks

AVAILABILITY

Hemp
concret
e
blocks

It is available in the form of boards , blocks and as a roofing and


painting material. Acoustic
ceiling
installation
Hemp fibre
board

Thermal
insulatio
n blocks

PRICES

Anti slip hemp plywood

Hemp fibre boards for flooring : 730 - 1230 INR sq. Mt.
Hemp fire resistant board : 100 250 INR sq. Mt.
Hemp plywood boards : 10900 32300 INR cbc Mt.
Anti slip mesh hemp plywood : 375 1550 INR per piece

BRANDS
Brands available are Weifang bailing , lenyi , giga and
Cornish.

INSTALLATION
It is cast around a timber or concrete
framework in the form of fibre, boards, blocks
using construction
techniques
similar to
that of
wood.

Frames
casted for
hemp lime
blocks

Hempcrete
wall structure

APPLICATIONS

It could be made into roofing, flooring, wallboard, caulking, cement,


paint, paneling,
particleboard, plaster, plywood, reinforced concrete, insulation,
insulation
Panels , spray-on insulation, concrete pipes, bricks, and
biodegradable plastic
composites which are tougher than steel.
Concrete-like blocks made with hemp
and lime have been used as an insulating
material for construction.
Hemp is used as an internal plaster having
insulative qualities.

Areas of application of hemp in


construction

ADVANTAGES

Acts as a light weight and good insulating material.


Permits having free reign in terms of building layout and design.
They can be used with the structural framing system to provide the
support for the wall
in both new build and extension applications.
The detailing is straightforward and air-tightness is readily achieved
due to the nature of
the hemp block.
The lightweight nature of the wall means fewer supports and lighter
foundations.
The ductility of hemp lime means that costly movement joints may
also be avoided.
Hemp foundations are resistant to stress-induced cracking and
breaking.

DISADVANTAGES

Less compressive strength


Requires some structural capabilities to withstand racking and wind
loading.
Water entering the cavities destroys the insulation and acoustic
properties.

INORGANIC COMPOSITES

Inorganic Bonded
Composites
Magnesia
Cement
Bonded

Portland
Cement
Bonded

Gypsum
Bonded

Important Brands In Market


Ecomag
Bison
Durock
Versapanel , Euroform
Jet Products
Geoboard , Ameriform

BISON PANEL
Bison Panel is basically a Cement bonded wood particle board.
The properties of the board are determined by basic materials Wood and Cement. Cement is
weather termite and fire proof, rot and fungus resistant. Wood is comparatively light in
weight, elastic an can easily be machined.
Board strength is obtained by reinforcing the concrete by wood fibers or flakes. By covering
wood particles with cement, they are protected. Thus, resulting in a perfect reciprocal effect of
the two basic materials cement and wood viz. Strength and durability of cement and
Key
workability of wood.

Benefits

Bison - Interior Application

Partitions : Single skin &


Double skin

Mezzanine
flooring

False Ceilings

Cabins

Door Panels : Flush


doors and panel
inserts

Cupboards

Wall Cladding

Kitchen Cabinets

Bison - Exterior Application

Facia boards for exterior


claddings of the facades of
the buildings. Slant Roof

Wall Claddings / Prefabricated


Structures (Entire House is
constructed using Bison
Panels).

Sheet materials for outdoor


hoardings.

Prefabricated Structures
for instant shelters

Underlay for roof sheets.

Bison - Working With


Working with Bison is like working with any other particle board
Fastening is done in the same way as any other boards.
No special tools are required. However for large volumes of
cutting work electric hand saw is recommended.
Similarly hand held electric drill will be faster to work.

Fixin
g
Bison Panel can be fixed to timber or steel supports. Thin cold rolled steel sections in the form
of studs, tracks etc. are available in the market. They can be used with advantage for
applications like partitions, false ceilings, flooring etc.
In applications, the board should be supported on all four edges and joints. The recommended
span between support is 610mm

Fixing can be done with screws. A pre-hole shall be provided in the Panel before screwing. The
length of the screw shall be 2 to 2 times the thickness of the board.
The fixing point has to be 15mm (minimum) away from the edge of the board. Similarly the
fixing point shall be 40mm away from the corner of the board.

Bison - Technical Specification

Bison Panel - Cement Bonded Particle Board combines the strength of Cement and
workability of wood. Its unique combination of properties gives it all round superiority over
most other boards. Its versatility in both internal and external applications is exemplified the
world over.

VERSAPANEL
Versapanel is a cement bonded particle board comprising of
wood particles and cement.
It is suitable for a wide range of applications,giving a high
level of
performance in the presence of moisture and fire.
Versapanel is available in bespoke sizes and can be
fabricated &
to any
Features
Benefits
size required, with no minimum order quantity.
No minimum
quantities
Bespoke sizes
available
In-house
fabrication
service
Range of edge
details
Class 0 fire
resistant
Concentrated/U Dimensio
DL load testing ns

Applicati
ons

GEOBOARD

GeoBoard is a decorative cement board used in both


interior & exterior applications such as exterior ventilated
rain-screen systems, exterior & interior cladding, ceilings,
trim, countertops and many specialty applications

Key Benefits

Mold/Fungus Resistant:Does not support


mold/fungus growth
Moisture Resistant:Resistant to weather,
freeze/thaw & standing water
Termite/Vermin Resistant:Provides no food
value to insects/vermin
Impact & Abuse Resistant:Made from durable
Portland Cement
Acoustic Performance:Has a density of
77lbs/ft3
Workability:Installs quickly using standard
carpentry tools and equipment
Dimensionally Stable:Exhibits excellent
resistance to dimensional changes when exposed
to variations in temperature & moisture
Environmentally Friendly:Composed of 28%
post-industrial wood content, contains no added

Features

Natural Color of Portland Cement


Appealing variation in surface color and texture
Accepts clear sealer, stain, paint and other
masonry finish products
Cost effective alternative to more expensive
cladding systems
10-YEAR manufacturer's warranty
Available in 4 x 8 sheets (up to 4 x 10 special
order)
Thickness available in 1/2", 5/8" & "
Applications
Standard square edge(T&G, Ship Lap, Beveled
Exterior
Ventilated Rain-Screen
Ceiling / Fascia / Soffit
special order)
Interior Wall Cladding
Panel
Accent Walls
Moulding / Trim
Countertops
Boards
Planters / Furniture

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