Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and
Wood
Alternatives
CLASSIFICATION OF WOODBASED
COMPOSITES
Veneer-based material
Plywood
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
Parallel-laminated veneer (PLV)
Laminates
Laminated beams
Over laid materials
Wood non-wood composites
Composite material
Cellulosic fibreboard
Hardboard
Particleboard
Wafer board
Flake board
Oriented strand board (OSB)
PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD
Plywood is a flat panel built up of sheets of veneer called plies, united under
pressure by a bonding agent to create a panel with an adhesive bond between plies.
The properties of plywood depend on the quality of the different layers of veneer,
order of layer placement, adhesive used, and control of bonding conditions.
It is always constructed with an odd number of layers with the grain direction of
adjacent layers oriented perpendicular to one another.
SPECIFICATIONS
The top selling and most commonly manufactured plywood
size in India is 8 feet by 4 feet. Other sizes such as 8x3, 7x4,
7x3, 6x4 and 6x3 sq.feet are also manufactured.
Brand
Price/per sq.
ft.
(Rs.)
USES
SOFTWOOD: Floors, walls and roofs in houses; wind bracing panels, vehicle internal
body work packages and boxes, and fencing.
HARDWOOD: Panels in concrete form work systems, floors, walls and roofs in
transport vehicles, container floors, scaffolding.
32.54
34.52
35.84
Advantages
Improved utilization of wood.
Greater resistance to splitting
High strength-to-weight and strengthto-thickness ratios, and its stiffness
and strength are more equal in width
and length than are stiffness and
strength of solid wood
The form permits many applications
where large sheets are desirable.
Excellent dimensional stability along
its length and across its width.
Minimal
edge-swelling
makes
plywood perhaps the best choice for
adhesive-bonded tongue-and groove
joints, even where some wetting is
expected.
Disadvantages
Size:Plywood is available "off the shelf" almost
exclusively in unwieldy 4-foot-by-8-foot sheets.
Plywood cannot be made thinner by surfacing, as
can be done with lumber. Attempting to do so
will severely damage the plywood.
Can be custom-ordered in the same size and
shape as other lumber if desired, but the
expense is prohibitive.
More susceptible to moisture
damage than regular lumber.
and
weather
Brand
Price/per
piece
(8 x 4) Thick
7/16
LP Cumberland
Rs. 470.25
Tech Shield
Rs. 660.80
USES:
It is used extensively for roof, wall, and floor sheathing in
residential and commercial construction.
Performance OSB panels are specifically engineered for
floor, roof, and wall sheathing purposes in wood frame
construction.
SIZES:
Panels are available in nominal 4'x8' sheets (1220x2440
mm) or cut to size dimensions.
For industrial applications sizes up to 8'x24' (2440x7320
mm) and larger are available by special order. Some new
mills manufacture master panels up to 12' (3660 mm) wide
or other custom sizes from continuous presses.
The most common thicknesses are 1/4 ", 3/8", 7/16",
15/32", 19/32", 23/32". Other panel thicknesses including
7/8", 1-1/8" and 1-1/4" are available on special order.
Panels 19/32" and thicker are manufactured either squareedged or tongue and grooved on the long edge.
WORKABILITY
OSB is easy to saw, drill, nail, plane, file or sand. It contains wood, fully cured waterproof
and boil proof resin adhesive and a small amount of wax.
Normal carpentry tools can be used, but carbide tipped blades are recommended for
prolonged use.
NAILABILITY
The many interleaved layers create panels with good nail holding properties. Nails can be
driven as close as 1/4" from the panel edges without risk of splitting or breaking out.
However, an edge distance of 3/8" for structural applications is recommended.
Often power driven nails are used to fasten sheathing.
GLUABILITY
PAINT ABILITY
OSB may be finished with any good quality paint system
Advantages
Available in large sizes. OSB can be
manufactured into larger panels than
plywood and offer more cost saving
options for todays builders
Consistent. Panels are dense and solid
throughout the product. OSB panels do
not have core voides like plywood panels
do
Good shear strength.
Resource-efficient.OSB panels are
considered greener by some as they are
manufactured from smaller, sustainablygrown trees rather than old-growth
forests
Affordable.
Disadvanages
Heavy. OSBs relative density could be
seen as a bad thing. a 23/32 plywood
panel weighs 2.2 pounds per square foot
compared to 2.4 pounds for an OSB panel
of the samethickness.
Lower moisture tolerance. When
plywood is exposed to moisture it swells
evenly throughout the panel and returns
to its nominal thickness as the wood dries.
Prone to swelling edges and
telegraphing.
Lower perceived value.Despite the fact
that plywood and OSB meet the same
performance requirements, the average
consumer assumes OSB is an inferior
product based on its look.
PARTICLE BOARD
PARTICLE BOARD
Need to dispose of large quantities of sawdust, planer shavings, and
to a lesser extent, the use of mill residues and other relatively
homogeneous waste materials produced by other wood industries.
Simply put, particleboard is produced by mechanically reducing the
material into small particles, applying adhesive to the particles, and
consolidating a loose mat of the particles with heat and pressure into
a panel product.
Particleboard is typically made in three layers. The faces of the board
consists of fine wood particles, and the core is made of the coarser
material.
However, particleboard is generally not as strong as fibreboard
because the fibrous nature of lignocelluloses is not exploited as well.
USES
Packaging materials, furniture and non-structural building
components.
Particleboard is used for furniture cores, where it is typically overlaid
with other materials for decorative purposes. Particleboard can be
used in flooring systems, in manufactured houses, for stair treads,
ADVANTAGES
Particleboard is cheaper,denserand more
uniform than conventional wood &plywoodand
is substituted for them when appearance and
strength are less important than cost.
For constructing, cabinet box and shelves, it is
well suited for attaching cabinet door hinges to
the sides of frameless cabinets. Plywood has
can feather off in sheaves when extreme
weight is placed on the hinges. In contrast,
particle board holds the screws in place under
similar
weight.
SIZE
AVAILABILITY
Thickn Length x Width (mm) Applications
ess
12mm 1800 x
450/600/900/1200
2400 x
450/600/900/1200
3600 x
450/600/1200/1800
16mm 1800 x
450/600/900/1200
Shelving
Furniture
Table
lamination
substrate
Storage
containers
DISADVANTAGES
Though it is denser than conventional
wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of
fibreboard, except for insulation board.
A major disadvantage of particleboard is
that it is very prone to expansion and
discoloration due to moisture, particularly
when it is not covered withpaintor another
sealer.
Therefore, it is rarely used outdoors or in
places where there are high levels of
moisture, with the exception of some
bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, where it
is commonly used as an underlayment - in
its moisture resistant variant - beneath a
continuous sheet ofvinylflooring.
PRODUCT BRANDS
FIBER BOARDS
MDF HDF - INSULATION BOARD
FIBERBOARD
The term fibreboard includes hardboard, medium-density fibreboard
(MDF), and insulation board.
Because wood is fibrous by nature, fibreboard exploits the inherent
strength of wood to a greater extent than does particleboard.
To make fibres for composites, bonds between the wood fibers must
be broken. In its simplest form, this is accomplished by attrition
milling. Attrition milling is an age-old concept whereby material is
fed between two disks, one rotating and the other stationary.
Fibreboard is normally classified by density and can be made by
either dry or wet processes. Dry processes are applicable to boards
with high density (hardboard) and medium density (MDF). Wet
processes are applicable to both high-density hardboard and lowdensity insulation board
They are derived from renewable resources and are biodegradable.
MEDIUM DENSITY
FIBERWall
BOARD
Decorative
cladding in
routed wave form or Jalis
Wooden Handicraft items/ Toys
and puzzles
Educational Tools/ Aids & casing
for scientific instruments/ Model
making
Exhibition Stalls & Display/ POP
Automotive interior cladding &
paneling
Photo lamination substrate
Routing & carving of trophies/
Medium- density fibreboard is frequently used in place of Gift items
solid wood, plywood, and particleboard in many furniture Routed Shutters for Kitchens &
applications. It is also used for interior door skins,
wardrobes with membrane or
mouldings, and interior trim components
polished surface
WORKABILITY
STAPLING
Staples can be used effectively for joint fitting. For best results it is
helpful to add adhesive to the joint prior to assembly.
SCREWS
The position of screws inserted into the faces and edges of MDF
should be decided in relation to board thickness and screw size.
Screws inserted into the edges should be not less than 25mm from
the corners. The screw must not be over tightened as further
turning will reduce the holding strength
NAILING
MDF Panels can be fixed by nailing with good holding power and no split out when the
following conditions are met:
Using either annular grooved or helical nails
Nails must be at least 25mm from the corner of the MDF panel.
Nailing is not recommended to edges of 9mm and 12mm, screwing is recommended.
Edge nailing is not recommended for MDF of 12mm thick or less.
PAINTING
For best results application of three coats is recommended.
First coat primer/undercoat is critical to the final finish.
PRODUCT BRANDS
SIZE AVAILABILITY
ADVANTAGES
It is inexpensive.
It can be painted or stained to
look just like wood.
No Grain or Knots- it easy to saw
MDF in any direction
Strong and Stiff.
Stable dimensions (won't expand
or contract like wood)
Shape well.
DISADVANTAGES
If one does not place nails at
close intervals, the board can
droop in the middle.
Urea-formaldehyde Resin and
Dust - Working with MDF is
hazardous to your health.
Not very durable
The wood may split and the
fasteners do not hold well. Holes
have to be pre-drilled for nails
and screws.
Dulls blades more quickly than
many woods
May warp or expand if not sealed.
Perforated Hardboard
HIGH
DENSITY
FIBRE
Shoe Heel & lasts
Laminate flooring
Substrates
Embossed Panels for
wall cladding
Kitchen shutters
Flat & molded door
skins
Decorative display
panels
ADVANTAGES
HDF comes with a smooth surface.
HDF is High density board has more
strength compared to MDF and
Particle board
Great solution for indoor and outdoor
furniture, wall panelling, furniture,
room partitions, and doors.
Has more durability and warpresistant characteristics as compared
to wood laminate flooring.
PRODUCT BRANDS
DISADVANTAGES
A lot of carpenters prefer wood
SIZE AVAILABILITY
Pine Panels
2460mm x 2076mm x 6.4mm
2620mm x 1455mm x 7.3mm
2460mm x 2076mm x 7.6mm
2460mm x 2076mm x 9.4mm
2440mm x 2133mm x 11.4mm
2440mm x 2133mm x 11.6mm
CORK
Introduction
Cork Ceiling
Flooring
Cork Grain
INSTALLATION
Cork Wall and Ceiling Tile Installation
Procedure:
Disadvantages:
Advantages
number of layers
ofdimensioned timber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant
structural adhesives.
These
structural
members
are
used
as
verticalcolumns,
horizontalbeams and curved, arched shapes and is available in a range
of species to meet varied end use requirements.
CUTTING OFF
Connections are usually made with bolts or
plain AND
steel dowels andsteel
KNOTS
plates.
OTHER WOOD
Production of Glulam
PRESSING
DEFECTS
PLANING OF
GLULAM
PLANING OF
LAMELLAS
DRYING OF
BOARDS
STRENGTH
PROFILES
INTERLOCKED BY
FINGER JOINTS
APPLICATION OF
FACTORY
ASSEMBLY AND
FURTHER
Cut to size
Blocks
Hybrid
types
Limitless lengths
Columns
Sports Facilities
Buildings
Public
Long spans Visually attractive
TYPICAL CONNECTION
DETAILS
MERITS
environmental sustainability, longevity, and consumer
friendliness.
HDPE plastic lumber is a recyclable material that can be used
over and over again. and it releases no toxic chemicals or
greenhouse gases into the environment.
Its resistance to decay and ability to withstand severe weather
a lifetime
of use, without
sacrificing ensures
the look no
of the
ensures
slip resistance,
waterproof
and UV-protector
product.
noticeable fading over time, even with constant exposure to
sunshine. boards are unaffected by saltwater, and because there
are no organic components in recycled plastic lumber is
to mold,
mildew and
bacteria.
impervious
used for many
applications,
including
decks, marine docks,
boardwalks and garden beds. It can also be used to make outdoor
furniture.
INSTALLATION
Decking Installation
Deck boards may be placed
perpendicular to the joist or placed
diagonally on the joist.Boards with
wood grain pattern are installed facing
up.
During installation, boards will be gapped end-to-end or end-totrim/house based on their location within the project. Proper
gapping is necessary to account for minimal expansion and will
depend on the length of the board and the temperature of the board
the time
of installation.
Recycledatplastic
lumber
performs best with the use of stainless steel flat head and
Composite deck screws. Hidden fastening systems can be used with grooved profiles.
Pollmeier
Steico LVL
Pwood
INSTALLATION
ADVANTAGES
low variability in strength and stiffness
properties make LVL both predictable
and
reliable.
The exceptional
straightness without
spring, bow or twist in LVL beams leads
to a reduced need for nogging and
allows
accurate of
and
fast
installation.
The
availability
long
lengths
coupled
with lightness and straightness
provides design flexibility and ease of
construction.
Structural LVL is seasoned so it is quite
stable and not subject to shrinkage
concerns.
APPLICATIONS
Post and beams in
faade construction
DISADVANTAGES
the product may result in some
defect, such as warping, if it is not
properly stored in the warehouse.
LVL requires high capital investment to
have relatively low production cost.
WOOD PLASTIC
COMPOSITES
Introduction
Wood-plastic composites(WPCs) arecomposite materialsmade ofwood
fiber /wood flourand thermoplastic(s) (includespolyethene,polypropylene
or polystyrene etc.).
In addition to it WPCs can also contain other ligno cellulosic or inorganic
filler materials.
This new material has the appearance and qualities of the rarest species of
wood while offering a truly eco-friendly alternative. It offers superior
physical and mechanical properties to those of hardwood.
AVAILABILITY
Available in the form of boards , tiles, joists, sidings , window and door
frames and fencings.
WPC boards
Joists
BOARDS
WPC boards are available in the general sheet sixe of 8 ft. * 4 ft (2440
mm * 1220 mm) with the thickness of 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm
and 18 mm.
RAILINGS
WPC railings are available inLength: 2 ft * 4 ft.
Width: 3 Inches * 4 Inches &
Thickness: 12mm * 15mm.
SIDING
For the cladding purpose , they are in sizes of Length: 2 Ft* 4 Ft
Width: 3 Inches *4 Inches &
Thickness: 6mm * 8mm.
PRICES
Flooring : 1098 INR per sq. Mt.
Decking : 1300 to 1500 INR per sq. Mt.
Tiles
: 250 to 600 INR per Mt.
Coloured flooring panels : 1600 INR per sq. Mt.
BRANDS
Brands available are PLASTROCK , AKD POLYMERS , PLAMADERA ,
INSTALLATION
It is installed using drilling , screwing and fastening.
Pre-drill all holes at 3/4 of diameter of the actual screw.
Screws should be placed about 3/4" from either
end of the width of the 8 ft. * 4 ft. Board.
APPLICATIONS
It is most widely used for outdoor deck
floors.
It it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping
timbers,claddingand siding, parkbenches,molding and
trim,windowanddoorframes, and Indoor furniture.
ADVANTAGES
WPCs do not corrode and are highly resistant to rot, decay, and Marine
Borer attack, due to lack of moisture present unlike that of natural wood.
They are manufactured in a variety of colors and are widely available in
greys and earth tones.
WPC formulations are also sensitive to staining from a variety of agents.
WPC offers superior water resistance when compared tobasic woodwith
minimal
expansion.
One advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be
moulded to meet almost any desired shape.
WPCs can be subjected to the same
processes, including planning, drilling, and
sanding.
Nails, screws, and other fasteners often
achieve greater hold when used with WPC than with lumber.
DISADVANTAGES
WPCs have a lower strength and stiffness than wood, and they
experience time and temperature-dependent behaviour.
Monolithic composite sheets are relatively heavy which limits their use to
applications were low weight is not essential.
The inclusion of plastic as a portion of the composite results in the
HEMP
Hemp seeds are mixed with lime and concrete to
be used as a material for construction.
It has extremely good insulating properties.
Hemp hurds are mixed with a combination of
lime products to produce a light weight,
insulating, breathing material.
The mixture of lime to hurds varies with the type
of construction application and
prevailing climatic conditions.
Hemp lime
blocks
AVAILABILITY
Hemp
concret
e
blocks
Thermal
insulatio
n blocks
PRICES
Hemp fibre boards for flooring : 730 - 1230 INR sq. Mt.
Hemp fire resistant board : 100 250 INR sq. Mt.
Hemp plywood boards : 10900 32300 INR cbc Mt.
Anti slip mesh hemp plywood : 375 1550 INR per piece
BRANDS
Brands available are Weifang bailing , lenyi , giga and
Cornish.
INSTALLATION
It is cast around a timber or concrete
framework in the form of fibre, boards, blocks
using construction
techniques
similar to
that of
wood.
Frames
casted for
hemp lime
blocks
Hempcrete
wall structure
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
INORGANIC COMPOSITES
Inorganic Bonded
Composites
Magnesia
Cement
Bonded
Portland
Cement
Bonded
Gypsum
Bonded
BISON PANEL
Bison Panel is basically a Cement bonded wood particle board.
The properties of the board are determined by basic materials Wood and Cement. Cement is
weather termite and fire proof, rot and fungus resistant. Wood is comparatively light in
weight, elastic an can easily be machined.
Board strength is obtained by reinforcing the concrete by wood fibers or flakes. By covering
wood particles with cement, they are protected. Thus, resulting in a perfect reciprocal effect of
the two basic materials cement and wood viz. Strength and durability of cement and
Key
workability of wood.
Benefits
Mezzanine
flooring
False Ceilings
Cabins
Cupboards
Wall Cladding
Kitchen Cabinets
Prefabricated Structures
for instant shelters
Fixin
g
Bison Panel can be fixed to timber or steel supports. Thin cold rolled steel sections in the form
of studs, tracks etc. are available in the market. They can be used with advantage for
applications like partitions, false ceilings, flooring etc.
In applications, the board should be supported on all four edges and joints. The recommended
span between support is 610mm
Fixing can be done with screws. A pre-hole shall be provided in the Panel before screwing. The
length of the screw shall be 2 to 2 times the thickness of the board.
The fixing point has to be 15mm (minimum) away from the edge of the board. Similarly the
fixing point shall be 40mm away from the corner of the board.
Bison Panel - Cement Bonded Particle Board combines the strength of Cement and
workability of wood. Its unique combination of properties gives it all round superiority over
most other boards. Its versatility in both internal and external applications is exemplified the
world over.
VERSAPANEL
Versapanel is a cement bonded particle board comprising of
wood particles and cement.
It is suitable for a wide range of applications,giving a high
level of
performance in the presence of moisture and fire.
Versapanel is available in bespoke sizes and can be
fabricated &
to any
Features
Benefits
size required, with no minimum order quantity.
No minimum
quantities
Bespoke sizes
available
In-house
fabrication
service
Range of edge
details
Class 0 fire
resistant
Concentrated/U Dimensio
DL load testing ns
Applicati
ons
GEOBOARD
Key Benefits
Features