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CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
David F. Mazurek
Lecture Notes:
Brock E. Barry
U.S. Military Academy
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Normal Strain
P
stress
A
normal strain
L
2P P
2A A
A
2
2L L
2-3
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Stress-Strain Test
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Fatigue
Fatigue properties are shown on
-N diagrams.
A member may fail due to fatigue
at stress levels significantly
below the ultimate strength if
subjected to many loading cycles.
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E AE
L
Equating and solving for the deformation,
PL
AE
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A
E
E
A
A
A
i i i
1
2
3
6
0
.
9
0
.
9
0
.
3
29 10
L1 L2 12 in.
L3 16 in.
A1 A2 0.9 in 2
A3 0.3 in 2
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Displacement of B:
B
PL
AE
60 103 N 0.3 m
M 0
B
B 0.514 mm
Displacement of D:
M 0
D
PL
AE
90 103 N 0.4 m
D 0.300 mm
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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DD HD
0.514 mm 200 mm x
0.300 mm
x
x 73.7 mm
EE HE
DD HD
400 73.7 mm
E
0.300 mm
73.7 mm
E 1.928 mm
E 1.928 mm
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Poissons Ratio
For a slender bar subjected to axial loading:
x x y z 0
E
The elongation in the x-direction is
accompanied by a contraction in the other
directions. Assuming that the material is
homogeneous and isotropic (no directional
Fig. 2.29 A bar in uniaxial tension and a
dependence),
representative stress element.
y z 0
Poissons ratio is defined as
lateral strain
y z
axial strain
x
x
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Shearing Strain
A cubic element subjected to only shearing stress
will deform into a rhomboid. The corresponding
shearing strain is quantified in terms of the change
in angle between the sides,
xy f xy
xy G xy yz G yz zx G zx
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0.04 in.
2 in.
xy 0.020 rad
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E
1
2G
or
E
21
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Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
MECHANICS
MATERIALS
Saint-VenantsOF
Principle
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