EXAMPLES OF

CONDENSATION POLYMERS
ANG ~ BRONDIAL ~ LEONCIO ~ OCAMPO ~
REYES ~ VIDAL

POLYESTERS
(Dacron)

BY: QUEENIE ANNE F. ANG

POLYESTERS
Polyesters
are
copolymers
formed
by
condensation polymerization of dicarboxylic
acid and a dialcohol, also called a diol.

Characteristics of polyester
Polyester fabrics and fibers are extremely
strong.
Polyester is very durable: resistant to most
chemicals, stretching and shrinking,
wrinkle resistant, and abrasion resistant.
Polyester is hydrophobic in nature and
quick drying.
Polyester retains its shape and hence is
good for making outdoor clothing for harsh
climates.

Polyethylene Terephthalate(Dacron)
A typical example of polyester is,
Polyethylene Terephthalate(Dacron)
commonly abbreviated asPET
PET is a condensation polymer made from ethylene glycol
and terephthalic acid by splitting out water molecules

PET PROPERTIES
PETislightweightinnatureandcolorless.
Hasgoodphysicalpropertiesofstrength,ductility,
stiffness,hardness
Goodgasandmoisturebarrier
Its crystallinity varies from amorphous to fairly
highcrystalline
Temperature tolerance of -50 degrees F to 110
degreesF

PETPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
Molecularformula

(C10H8O4)n

Molarmass

variable

Density

1.38g/cm3(20C),
amorphous:1.370g/cm3,
singlecrystal:1.455g/cm3

Meltingpoint

>250C,260C

Boilingpoint

>350C(decomposes)

Solubilityinwater

practicallyinsoluble

Thermalconductivity

0.15to0.24Wm1K1

Young'smodulus(E)

28003100MPa

Tensilestrength(t)

5575MPa

Elasticlimit

50150%

APPLICATIONS
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used plastic in
the packaging industry. Common PET products include:
Take-out containers
Baked goods containers
Bottled water
Ketchup bottles
Jars (peanut butter and mayonnaise)
Juices and carbonated drinks
Frozen foods

APPLICATIONS
PET can be recycled into many new products.
Recycled PET can also be made into fiber for
Carpets
fabric for t-shirts or fleece jackets
fiberfill for sleeping bags
winter coats, and dog beds
sheet and thermoformed (clam shell) packaging
and automotive parts such as headliners,
bumpers, and door panels.

POLYCARBONATES
(LEXAN)

BY:KARLOBRONDIAL

Polycarbonates
Polycarbonates received their name
because
they
arepolymerscontainingcarbonate
groups(O(C=O)O).
Most
polycarbonates of commercial interest
are derived from rigid monomers. A
balance of useful features including
temperature
resistance,
impact
resistance and optical properties position
polycarbonates
betweencommodity
plasticsand engineering plastics.

 The main polycarbonate material is

produced
by
the
reaction
ofbisphenol
A(BPA)
and
phosgeneCOCl2. The overall reaction
can be written as follows

Properties
Polycarbonate is a durable material.
Although it has high impact-resistance, it
has low scratch-resistance and so a hard
coating
is
applied
to
polycarbonateeyewearlensesand
polycarbonate
exterior
automotive
components. Polycarbonate is stronger
and usable over a greater temperature
range.
Polycarbonate
is
highlytransparenttovisible light, with
better light transmission than many kinds
of glass.

Properties
Polycarbonate has aglass transition
temperatureof about 147C (297F)
It has a density of 1.201.22 g/cm3
Tensile strength of 5575Mpa
Melting point of 155C (311F)

Application
Construction materials
Data storage
Automotive, aircraft, and security
components
Niche Application
Phones
Medical applications
Electronic components

Construction materials

Data storage

Automotive, aircraft, and

security components

Niche Application

Phones

POLYAMIDE
(NYLON 6,6)

BY: CAMILLE LEONCIO

Introduction
Nylon-6,6 is a type of polymer- a
polyamide.
It is commonly known as nylon.
The IUPAC name for nylon 6,6 ishexane-1, 6 diamine.

Introduction
The simple molecular formula for
nylon 6,6 is - C12H22N2O2.
The CAS number is: 32131-17-2
The
molecular
weight
is:
262.345840 g/mol.

Introduction
The simple molecular formula for
nylon 6,6 is - C12H22N2O2.
The CAS number is: 32131-17-2
The
molecular
weight
is:
262.345840 g/mol.

Structure of Nylon 6,6-

Introduction
Polyamides such as nylon are also
condensation polymers. The formation
of a polyamide follows the same
procedure as in the synthesis of a
simple amide.
The only difference is that both the
amine and the acid monomer units
each havetwofunctional groups one on each end of the molecule.

Introduction
Nylon
is
made
from
1,6diaminohexane and adipic acid by
splitting out water molecules (-H from
the amine and -OH from acid as
shown in red on the graphic). The
units are joined to make the ester
group shown in green.

Introduction
A simple representation is

-[A-B-A-B-A-B]-

Introduction
Nylon 66, discovered in 1931 by
Wallace Cruthers at DuPont was the
first completely synthetic fiber
produced. It was introduced to
women in nylon stockings in 1939
to immediate success.
During World War II, nylon
production
went
into
making
parachutes and other items needed
by the military.

Uses
Nylon 6,6 is used for the
following: airbags, tires, ropes,
conveyor belts, hoses.
It is a light material so it is
suitable
to
be
used
for
parachutes.
It is waterproof so it is used to
make swimwear.
It is also resistant to water, so it

Examples

Examples

Properties
Nylon 6,6 has a high melting point
which makes it more resistant to
heat and friction.
Its chemical stability enables it not
to be affected by solvents such as
water, alcohol, etc. and even alkali.
Its amorphous structures accounts
for its elastic property.

POLYAMIDE
(Kevlar)

BY: JULIUS OCAMPO

KEVLAR (Polyamide)
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

PROPERTIES OF KEVLAR:
High modulus
Five times stronger than steel
Extremely lightweight
Low elongation to break weight
Does not rust or corrode and it absorbs vibrations readily
Low thermal conductivity
Expensive
Breaks down when exposed to the ultraviolet rays in
sunlight

APPLICATION OF KEVLAR:
Cryogenics
Armor
(Combat helmets, ballistic face masks, and ballistic vests)
Personal protection
(gloves, sleeves, jackets, chaps and other articles of clothing)
Sports equipment
( bicycle tires, motorcycle safety clothing, Tennis racquets, Shoes and etc. )
Music
(Audio equipment, Bowed string instruments, Drumheads )
Other uses
(Fire dancing, Frying pans, Rope, cable, Brakes)

POLYAMIDE
(Nomex)
BY: ELIJAH REYES

Polyamides
Polyamides are polymers which contain
repeating amide, -CO-NH-, linkages.
Proteins are examples of naturally
occurring polyamides.

NOMEX
Nomex fiber is an aromatic polyamide (aramid) fiber and
can be used in Military and Industrial Applications.
Nomex excels in performance areas such as flame
resistance and thermal protection. Its thermal
technology resists the hazards associated with electric
arcs and flash fires--including intense heat and flame.
Nomex is engineered to stand up to flame temperatures
in excess of 2,000F. Unlike flame-retardant treated
materials, Nomex fibers are inherently flame resistant
and will not diminish during the life of the fiber. The
fibers low stiffness and high elongation give it textile-like
characteristics.
In addition to its flame resistance, Nomex fiber offers
dimensional stability and resistance to degradation by a
wide range of chemicals and industrial solvents. It

NOMEX

Nomex is produced from isophthaloyl chloride and mphenylene diamine.

NOMEX Properties

Excellent flame resistance and thermal protection

Stands up to flame temperatures in excess of 2,000F
Fibers do not melt or drip
Outstanding resistance to degradation by radiation
Outstanding resistance to degradation at cryogenic
conditions
Resistant to chemicals and industrial solvents
Resistant to insects and fungi
Low stiffness of fiber due to chemical bonding arrangement
High elongation
Cut resistant
Abrasion resistant

Other properties:
Physical Properties

Density ( g.cm-3 )

1.38

Limiting oxygen index ( % )

29

Radiation resistance - Alpha

Good

Thermal Properties

Coefficient of thermal expansion ( x10-6 K-1 )

20

Specific heat ( J.K-1.kg-1 )

1200

Applications:

Industrial Rope and Cordage

Military Rope and Cordage
NASA astronauts PPE
Safety Rope
Firefighter Rope
motors and rotating machines
dry-type and oil-filled transformers
various applications where high service
temperature is involved
any industry where there is a chance of flash
fire exposure or electric arc flash or blast

Military applications

Insulation purposes

Nomexcanimprovesafety,lowertransmissionlosses,and
helpreducecost.

Motors and Generators

ThesuperiorthermalpropertiesofNomexhelppreventmotorfailure
anddowntime,whileitsstrengthandresiliencehelpextendrotating
equipmentlifeinsevereoperatingconditions.

For Severe Heat

exposure

POLYURETHANE
(Spandex)
BY: LEO EDRIK C. VIDAL

DEFINITION
A POLYMER COMPOSED OF A
CHAIN OF ORGANIC UNITS JOINED
BY
CARBAMATE
(URETHANE)
LINKS.
MADE
FROM
EXOTHERMIC
REACTIONS BETWEEN POLYOL
AND ISOCYANATES THAT HAVE
MORE THAN ONE REACTIVE
ISOCYANATE
GROUP
PER
MOLECULE.

REACTION

Fig.1:Reactionbetweendiisocyanateanddiolstoformpolyurethane.

PROPERTIES
THE PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE
ARE GREATLY INFLUENCED BY THE
TYPES OF ISOCYANATES AND POLYOLS.
LONG,
FLEXIBLE
SEGMENTS,
CONTRIBUTED BY THE POLYOL, GIVES
SOFT, ELASTIC POLYMER.
A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THIS IS
SPANDEX.

USES
BECAUSE OF SPANDEX GREAT ELASTICITIC
PROPERTY, IT IS WIDELY USED IN GARMENT
INDUSTRY SUCH AS:
SWIMWEAR OR DIVING SUIT
CYCLING JERSEYS
LEGGINGS
SOCKS AND TIGHTS
SHORTS AND MINISKIRTS
SUPERHERO COSTUMES

USES

Fig.2:Swimwear

Fig.3:CyclingJersey

Fig.4:Superhero
Costume