Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Scale Industries In
India
A small scale or cottage industry may be defined as an enterprise or series of
operations carried on by a workman skilled in the craft on his responsibility, the
finished product of which, he markets himself
-Prof. K.T. Sash
By Rahul Dixit
BBA Sem-4
*Advantages
SSI Pre-independence
After 1947
* Jawaharlal Nehru maintained separate entities of small scale industries. He was of
the view that a small industry was the middle sector and it would overlap both the
cottage and the large industries.
1977 industrial Policy
* The basic policy support of SSI sector had its roots in the Industrial Policy Resolution
1977, laid emphasis on reservation of items.
* The reservation economically viable and technologically feasible products to be
exclusively manufactured by small scale industry began with a list of 47 items
which was gradually extended to too many products.
* At Present 812 items are in the reserved list.
* The limit on the fixed capital investment for SSIs was Rs 7.5 lakhs and for
ancillaries it was Rs 10 lakhs. After the Industrial Policy, the ceiling for investment
for SSIs was raised to Rs 60 lakhs and Rs 70 lakhs for ancillaries .
*SSI Post-Independence
foreign companies.
* Hike in investment limit for tiny sector from Rs. 2 lakh to Rs. 5 lakh.
* Support from National Equity Fund for projects upto Rs. 10 lakh.
* Single window loans to cover projects upto Rs. 20 lakhs. Banks to be
involved.
* Relaxation of certain provisions of labor laws.
* Subcontracting Exchanges to be set up by industry associations
* Factoring services through SIDBI to overcome the problem of delayed
payments.
* Women enterprises redefined
* Package for handloom and handicraft sector
* Export development centre in SIDO
* Marketing of mass consumption items by NSIC under a common brand name.
* The formation of WTO in 1995 resulted in a major challenge to the well being of
*
the SSI. The protection given to the SSI in the form of reservation and
quantitative restrictions has been withdrawn.
More than 160 items reserved under the SSI category have been de reserved.
Other Features:
*Performance Of Small
Scale Industries
*PRODUCTION
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
*EMPLOYMENT
Year
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
Production per
employee (Rs.
Employment
thousand) at
(Lakh Nos.)
1993-94 prices
158.3
54
166
53
174.8
53
182.6
54
191.4
57
197.9
61
205.9
66
213.2
69
220.6
71
229.1
74
238.7
77
249.3
78
260.2
81
271.4
84
282.6
89
294.9
93
Rural
Machinery and parts except electrical and Paper products & printing
(total share being 33.6%).
* Employment Distribution
contribution to employment.
* This was followed by Maharashtra (9.7%), Uttar
Pradesh (9.5%) and West Bengal (8.5%) the
total share being 27.7%.
* Gujarat (7.6%), Andhra Pradesh (7.5%),
Karnataka (6.7%) and Punjab (5.6%) together
accounted for another 27.4%.
* State-wise Employment
Distribution
*EXPORT
The opportunities in the small-scale sector are enormous due to the following
factors:
* Less Capital Intensive
* Extensive Promotion & Support by Government
* Reservation for Exclusive Manufacture by small scale sector
* Project Profiles
* Funding - Finance & Subsidies
* Machinery Procurement
* Raw Material Procurement
* Manpower Training
* Technical & Managerial skills
* Tooling & Testing support
* Reservation for Exclusive Purchase by Government
* Export Promotion
* Growth in demand in the domestic market size due to overall economic growth
* Increasing Export Potential for Indian products
* Growth in Requirements for ancillary units due to the increase in number of greenfield units coming
up in the large scale sector. Small industry sector has performed exceedingly well and enabled our
country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth and diversification.
*Opportunity
*Suggestions