I NDB

Gii Thiu
Tnh nng k thut
SA 1000
Anten

I. Gii Thiu
NDB l mt my pht thanh trn tn s thp,trung
bnh v ra mi hng,km theo i hiu nhm gip
my bay c th bay hng v cc i NDB c t
trong cc khng l trong nc v quc t.
i NDB c th dng lm nhim v dn ng
di,dn ng tip cn ti sn bay v dng lm i ch
hng cho thit b ILS.
NDB l thit b dn ng ph tr bng radio m
trm pht mt t pht ra mi hng trn my bay s
ch th cho phi cng bit hng bay ti i.

II. Tnh nng k thut

1. Di tn lm vic
2. Cng sut pht
3. iu ch
4. Tn hiu nhn dng
5. H thng kim tra v iu khin
6. H thng cp ngun
7. Anten
8. Tm hot ng
9. i hiu

1.Di tn lm vic

2.Cng sut pht

Cng sut pht ca i NDB phi c m bo ph

sng ng vi mt c ly nht nh ty thuc vo nhim
v ca i.
Trong ch landing: t 15-20 nautical mile.
Trong ch enroute: t 25- 150 nautical mile.
Cng sut pht ca mt i NDB khng c vt qu
2dB so vi mc cn thit m bo tm ph sng ca
c ly cho php.
Vit Nam cc i NDB pht tn s 220- 550 KHz

3.iu ch

Phn iu ch ca i NDB trong qu trnh iu

chnh cn ch n 2 tham s:
- Tn s m thanh iu ch
Tiu chun
Tiu chun
- su iu ch

4.Tn hiu nhn dng

S dng m Morse quc t.

Tc 7 t/1 pht
Ni dung: ti a l 3 t (ch hoc s)
Thi gian c php mt tn hiu nhn dng khng
qu 1 pht.

5.H thng kim tra v iu khin

Tiu chun ti thiu ca h thng kim tra v

iu khin ca mt i NDB gm:
Cng sut: khi cng sut gim -3dB phi
t chuyn my ( hoc tt my).
Mt tn hiu nhn dng: Phi t chuyn
my( hoc tt my).
H thng Monitor c s c: Phi t
chuyn my (hoc tt my).

6.H thng cp ngun

H thng cp ngun y cho 1 i NDB gm 3
dng th t u tin sau:
in mng cng nghip AC
in my n AC
c quy DC
Khi mt ngun thi gian chuyn i t ngun ny
sang ngun khc ty thuc vo chc nng ca thit
b ( thng thng t 8s 20s)
H thng chuyn i l tng l h thng chuyn
i t ng

7.Anten

Thng thng cc i NDB s dng anten nh sau:

Anten ch T
Anten ch I
Anten c h s phm cht cao- Polestar.
Anten c nh gi qua mt tham s gi l h s
bc x ca anten.
H s c nh ngha:
H s bc x ca anten ph thuc vo cng sut u
vo ca anten( cng sut ca my pht).Cng sut
u vo cng ln i hi h s bc x ca anten cng
ln tc phm cht ca anten cng cao.

8.Tm hot ng

Tm hot ng ti a ca NDB l 1000Km

ph thuc vo cc yu t:
-Ph thuc vo truyn sng vo ban ngy
hay ban m
-Truyn sng trn mt t hoc mt nc
-Cng sut my pht: nh nht 20W ln nht
l 5KW

9.i hiu

c pht theo m lut Morse

i hiu chia lm 2 loi:
i quc ni gm 2 ch ci.
i quc t: i hiu gm 3 ch ci
Ch u tin X biu th i quc t
Ch th hai V tn nc t i
Ch th ba D ni t i.
Tn s pht i hiu : ;

III. Nguyn tc hot ng

1.Anten

My pht c cng sut nh hn 1KW th

dng anten hnh ch T.
My pht c cng sut ln hn hoc bng
1KW th dng anten tr

2.Nguyn tc hot ng
Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn ti anten bc
x ra ngoi khng gian theo mi hng.
Trang thit b t trn my bay:
- My thu ADF ( Automatic Direction Finder): dng
tn s thp v trung bnh c 3 di tn s:
+ Bng 1 t 190-400KHz.
+ Bng 2 t 400-800KHz.
+ Bng 3 t 800-1750KHz.
- i km vi ADF c 2 loi anten:
+ Anten v hng c 1 si dy di.
+ Anten nh hng: Anten khung c th l
hnh trn,vung hoc ch nht.

3.Cng dng ca i NDB

C 4 cng dng:
Dng bay quy hng bay ti i NDB
Xc nh v tr ang bay
Dng vng ch
Dng p xung sn bay

4.c im ca NDB
u im:
Cc thao tc rt quen thuc vi cc phi cng
H thng mt t n gin
Gi thnh r
Nhc im:
Chu nh hng rt mnh ca a vt,a hnh v
cc nhiu tp ca thi tit,ca my thu ADF thu
c ch th sai lm kim ch th lch qu xa gy
nguy him cho my bay
St nh hoc nhiu x sng in t vo ban
m gy ra li i NDB

Thit b NDB SA 1000

1.Gii thiu:
1.1. M t tng qut
L 1 my pht AM, c cng sut sng mang iu
chnh c t 200W n 1000W.
My pht dng cng ngh Switching cc tng cng
sut v cc khi iu ch, n p, lm cho h thng t
c hiu sut cao trong 1 kch thc nh gn.
Phn kch thch RF gm 1 mch tng hp tn s t
190KHz n 535KHz, iu khin bng thch anh , mt
mch dao ng ra 2 tn s m tn 1020Hz hoc 400Hz
dng cho i hiu, 1 b to m i hiu theo m Morse c
th ci t c bng cc cng tc, 1 mch kim tra v 1
mch x l thoi (ty chn).

 Phn cng sut ca my pht gm 4 h

thng 250W c lp nhau. Mi h thng c 1 b
lc ng ra , 1 tng khuch i cng sut
switching, b iu ch n p switching.
Ng ra RF ca mi h thng c kt ni li
v cung cp tn hiu 1000W n b ghp anten.
i NDB gm 2 my pht SA 1000 v 1 b
chuyn i t ng c t trong 1 t my duy
nht.

1.Gii thiu:
1.2.c tnh
Cht lng: Tha mn cc i hi p dng ca ICAO
v FCC
Tn s: 190535KHz, tng hp tn s iu khin bng
thch anh, la chn tn s bng cch thay i cng tc vi
cc bc cch l 500Hz. n nh tt hn 0,005 (nhit
t -40oC +70oC).
Cng sut ra: Cng sut sng mang trn ti 50 chnh
c lin tc t 200W n 1000W.
iu ch : Mch iu ch/ n p cung cp mc iu ch
t 0 95. m tn 400Hz hoc 1020Hz trong my c
la chn bng cch t jumper.

1.Gii thiu:
1.2.c tnh
B to a hiu: trong my hot ng bnh thng
tc 8 baud (khong 7 vng/pht), c th chnh c t
5 n 16 baud.
Ngun in vo: 115/230VAC 10%, 50/60 Hz 1 pha
v 144 VDC. Cng sut tiu th danh nh l 1800W vi
1000W cng sut sng mang pht ra v iu ch mc
95.
Ngun in bnh: Khi s dng in bnh vo lc mt
in, cn phi c 2 loi in th 144VDC v 24VDC.
Cng sut i hi cho 144V l 8A v 2,5A cho 24V. Cng
sut gim khong 15 hoc nh hn.

1.Gii thiu:
1.2.c tnh
o c: Cc ng h trn mt my s o cng sut ra,
cng sut sng di, in th cp cho tng cng sut, dng
in cng sut, phn trm bin iu, mc m tn ng vo
(khi dung thoi).
i hiu: B keyer bng bn dn cung cp 95 cng tc
c cc khong tng ng. Trong m Morse, mt
khong ny chnh c t 63 ms n 1666 ms.
Bo v mch: Cc cu ch ring bit c dung
bo v cc mch AC v DC. Mt mch sng di VSWR s
dng my pht nu VSWR vt qu 1 gi tr chnh trc .
iu kin hot ng: Nhit t -50oC +70 oC,
m t 0100.

1.Gii thiu:
1.2.c tnh
Kim tra gim st: My pht s ngng hot ng khi
b mt i hiu, iu ch xung thp hn mc chnh trc,
tone i hiu b dnh, cng sut xung thp hn mc chnh
trc, sng phn x tng ln hn mc chnh trc. Vi h
thng c my d phng, tn hiu ngng my s khi ng
my d phng lm vic .
Ng vo thoi (ty chn): Cn bng, 60020,
-17dBm (-28dBm +5dBm), dng DC khng c vt
qu 3 mADC.

1.Gii thiu:
1.3.c tnh ca b ghp anten PC-1
Kilo
Tr khng vo: 50.
Tr khng ti: 2 25 in tr, 700pF 1500 pF
in dung.
Tn s: 190KHz 535KHz vi ti 700pF 1500 pF.
Cng sut RF ng vo: 2000W trung bnh, 4000W
nh.
ng h o: Dng anten, cng sut sng di, 1 ng
h vi cng tc 4 vtr: OFF, cng sut sng di, 0-20A, 010A.
iu kin lm vic: Nhit t -50oC +70 oC, m
ln n 95%, cao ln n 4000m. B ghp anten c
thit k lp t ngoi tri.

1.Gii thiu:
1.3.c tnh ca b ghp anten PC-1
Kilo
Cng hng: Cun dy ln vi cc u chn th, cc
u chn tinh v 1 vng chnh cng hng quay c. Cc
u chn th v chn tinh c la chn bng cc mi hn
phi sau bng thao tc. H thng t ng iu chnh s
iu chnh vng cng hng n v tr cng hng chnh
xc. Tm in cm ca cun dy l 25H1mH
Ngun in vo: 12VDC, 50mA, do my pht cung
cp hoc 110/220VAC (ty chn) khi dng vi cc my
pht khc.
Kch thc: Di 120cm, ng knh 76cm.

1.Gii thiu:
1.4.c tnh ca b chuyn i t ng
Nhim v iu khin: Tt m h thng, tt m my
pht, la chn my pht chnh, reset li my chnh,
normal/test.
Cc ch bo: Trng thi h thng:
PRIMARY: My pht no c chn l my chnh.
SECONDARY: My pht chnh hng, my ph ang
hot ng.
FAIL: C 2 my hng, 1 tip im relay c cung
cp sau bng I/O.
iu kin lm vic: Nhit t -40oC +70 oC,
m t 0100.
Bo v mch: Cc cu ch AC, DC, cc ng vo logic
c cch ly bi cc tr khng ni tip v cc diode kp.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
B tng hp tn s: Tn hiu RF c to ra trn card
KWOSYN bng 1 mch dao ng LC iu khin c
bng in p, hot ng tn s gp i tn s hot ng.
Tn hiu ny sau c chia to ra tn hiu 1KHz a
n 1 mch vng kha pha PLL so snh vi tn hiu
1KHz chun to ra dao ng thch anh 4096MHz chia
xung. in p ra ca mch kha pha s iu chnh tr s
t ca diode bin dung trong mch dao ng LC. Tn hiu
RF ng ra ca dao ng LC c chia 2 to ra sng
vung ng ra cho b la chn tn s bng 3 cng tc loi
trn xoay trn card.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
Tng li RF: Sng vung tn s hot ng t card
tng hp tn s c m vi 1 cng o trn card chnh
b kch thch trc khi a n ng vo ca tng khuch
i cng sut .
m tn i hiu: Card to m tn i hiu to ra 2 tn
hiu m tn 400Hz v 1020Hz. Mt trong 2 tn hiu ny
c la chn v a qua 1 cng do mch to i hiu
kim sot , 1 cng do mch m tn kim sot v nt chnh
Modulation Level Control trn mt my kim sot.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
B to i hiu: 1 card m ha i hiu, 1 hoc 2 card
thanh ghi dch m ha ty thuc vo chiu di i hiu cc
bits m ha c cha trong card thanh ghi dch m ha
n cng cho php m tn qua bng xung nhp 8 MHz
iu chnh c.i hiu c sp c bng cc cng tc
dip trn card thanh ghi dch m ha nh sau: 1 chm (tt)
tng ng vi 1 cng tc c ng, 1 gch (te) tng
ng 3 cng tc lin tip c ng. Khong cch gia
cc ch l 3 cng tc c m. Tt l 1 m di 125ms v te
l 1 m di 375ms.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
Phn thoi (ty chn): Khi c yu cu s dng thoi
trn NDB.., n s c x l tr6n card m tn, gm c:
mch lc m tn, mch kim tra li t ng (AGC),
iu khin ting n (squelch), v mch ct nh.
Tng iu ch: Tn hiu tng hp t tng li iu ch
s c a vo 1 mch iu ch rng xung to ra 1
chui xung 120160 KHz vi cc rng xung tng ng
vi in p ng vo. Nhng xung ny s iu khin 1
mch n p switching to in p iu ch cho tng cng
sut.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
Tng li iu ch: Cc tn hiu i hiu,mt mc DC,
v thoi c cng li, m v iu chnh mc trn card
chnh b kch thch trc khi a n ng vo tng iu
ch.
Tng iu ch GPS (ty chn): i vi h thng
NDB pht ra tn hiu sa sai DGPS, ngi ta s dng card
giao tip iu ch GPS thay cho card tng hp tn s
KWOSYN.
Khuch i cng sut: Cc b khuch i cng sut
loi switching ton cu s khuch i tn hiu RF t tng
li RF v cung cp tn hiu iu ch n cc khi lc.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
Mch lc: Cc khi lc bao gm tn s 190KHz
535KHz trong 5 bng. Cc bng c la chn bng cc
jumper.
Kim tra: Tn hiu ng ra ca b lc c a qua
card KWRF n ng ra RF 50. Cng sut ra, cng
sut sng di v iu ch c ly mu trn card ny v
c dng cung cp cho ng h o trn mt my.
Ngoi ra cc tn hiu ny cng c x l trn cc card
kim tra cung cp tn hiu ngng my trong trng hp
cng sut pht gim, mc i hiu thp, m i hiu b
dnh, sng di cao.

2.Nguyn l hot ng:

2.1M t chc nng cc khi trong SA1000
Ngun cp in: Ngun pht cho my pht c th
c cung cp t 115/230 VAC hoc 24 VDC v 144
VDC hoc c hai. Ngun AC cho mi nhm RF l loi nn
in cu thng thng, lc bng t. Khi h thng dng c
2 ngun cung cp AC, DC, ngun DC s cung cp khng
b gin on khi b mt in AC.
B np bnh (ty chn): H thng np s t ng np
bnh theo 2 cch, np nhanh v np chm thy thuc vo
iu kin ca bnh. Mch bo v s m bo bnh khng
np hoc x qu mc an ton.

IV.Anten

Tm hot ng ca mt i NDB ph thuc

vo nhiu yu t v khng th ni chc chn
c. cng trng c th tnh ton c nu
bit dn in ca mt t. Tuy nhin cng
trng cn thit li ph thuc vo iu kin
nhiu mi trng, ph thuc vo v tr t i.
Mt cng trng khong 70 V/m th th
M hoc chu u nhng li khng cho
nhng vng trong v gia 300N v 300S.

1.Anten ch T i xng
Thng c dng vi cc my pht t 500 n
1000W nu t xy dng, anten loi ny i hi
mt din tch t vo khong 46mx122m i vi chiu
cao anten 18m, v 46m x 152m vi anten 36m.
Anten ch T i xng chun gm 2 ct cao 60 feet
(18m) t cch nhau 300 feet (100m), thnh phn bc
x ng cao 55 feet (16m) v 2 dy di 280 feet (85m)
nm ngang trn nh. in dung ng vo thay i
trong khong 480pF tn s 190KHz v ln n
1150pF 535KHz. Chiu cao hiu dng vo khong
49 feet (15m).

1.Anten ch T i xng

in tr ng vo gm in tr bc x cng in
tr tiu hao. in tr bc x thay i trong
khong 0,14 190KHz n 1,13 535KHz.
in tr tiu hao ty thuc vo nhiu iu kin
m nh sn xut khng lng c, thng
thng t khong 2-5.

1.Anten ch T i xng
Tm hot ng ph thuc vo cng trng,
iu kin t v cng sut bc x. Cng sut bc x
tng theo tn s tuy nhin mt mt truyn sng do
nh hng mt t gim theo tn s. vi cng
trng 70 V/m, t tt, tm hot ng dao ng
trong khong 165 dm tn s 190KHz v 150 dm
535KHz vi my pht 500W v khong 220 dm
tn s 190KHz v 170 dm 535KHz vi my pht
1000W.

2.Anten tr
Anten tr c dng nhng ni khng t
lm anten ch T. Mt s nhnh nm ngang trn
nh anten tr c gn thm nhm 2 mc ch :
gim in khng ng vo v dn n gim in p
trn anten v tng cao hiu dng. Anten tr v
mt in km hn anten ch T vi cng cao v
b gim ti trn nh.

THANK
YOU!!!