VALVES

AND
SOOT BLOWERS

S.RAJEEV KUMAR
B.E ( EEE )

INTRODUCTION
Valves are mechanical devices that are
used to isolate, regulate or release the
process fluid flowing through pipelines.
Proper working of valves ensure better
availability of unit, safety of the plant,
equipment, processes and men.

FUNCTIONS OF VALVES
To stop or allow the flow
- globe valve, gate valve

To act as safety device

a) safety valves to release excess pressure
b) non-return valves to prevent back flow
To Regulate quantity/pressure
- attemperater spray, PRV

TYPES OF VALVES
Isolating valve
Regulating valve
Non-return valve
Safety valve
Control valve

ISOLATING VALVES:
It is normally fully open or fully closed.
It must stop flow of fluid completely when
required.
Example: gate valve

REGULATING VALVES:
A regulating valve controls the rate of flow of fluid,
according to requirements.
It may be operated in any position from fully open to
fully closed .
Examples : globe valves ,angle valves etc.,

NON-RETURN VALVES:
Permits flow of fluid in one direction only &
shuts off if a reversal of fluid flow occurs
Direction of flow of fluid through the valve
is indicated by an arrow on the valve
body
Examples: Swing check non-return valve,
Lift check non-return valve

SAFETY VALVES:
This valve is designed to open when a
predetermined and set pressure has been
reached in the system .
This type of valve is used for safety of the
equipment.
Examples: spring loaded safety valve ,
Torsion bar type safety valve etc

CONTROL VALVES:
The control valve is a fine control element
which is used in control system .
It is operated by the signal given by the
control circuit.
Examples: Flow control valve, Trip valve etc

COMPONENTS OF VALVES
Body
Yoke, bonnet and
cover
Disc/wedges
Seat
INLET
Stem
Gland

OUTLET

GLOBE

INLET

VALVE

OUTLET

GATE VALVE

INLET

OUTLET

COMPARISION
Globe valve

Gate valve

Stem lift for full D

open

>D

Lapping &
maintenance

Easy to
approach from
3rd flange

Both side wedge

tapered seat not
approachable

Size

< 200mm,
more force
required to
close

>200mm,
Less force required
to close

Turbulence/pr.
drop

> Turbulence & < turbulence & pr.

pr. Drop
drop

LIFT CHECK NON-RETURN VALVE

INLET

OUTLET

SWING CHECK NON- RETURN VALVES

HINGE PIN

INLET
FLAP

OUTLET

SAFTEY VALVE

OUTLET

INLET

BLOW DOWN % OF SAFETY

VALVE
% Blow down =Set pressure Reseat pressure
Set pressure
100
= 3 to 5%
Set pressure Opening/Popping Pressure
Reseat Pressure Closing pressure

VALVE OPERATION:
MANUAL
ELECTRICAL
PNEUMATIC
HYDRAULIC

VALVE MAINTENANCE:
GENERAL

Joints & flange maintenance

Gland packing maintenance

Valve seats & disc maintenance

SAFETY VALVES

opening pressure setting

Closing pressure setting

Opening Pr. & blow down setting by ring adjustment

SOOT BLOWERS

TYPES OF SOOT DEPOSITS:

1. Fused slag deposit
2. High temperature bonded deposit
3. Low temperature fly ash deposit

SOOT BLOWER
Soot blower is a device used for ON LOAD
CLEANING of heat transfer surfaces when
boiler is in operating condition

TYPES OF SOOT BLOWERS:

WALL BLOWERS
LONG RETRACTABLE SOOT BLOWERS
ROTARY BLOWERS

WALL BLOWER

LONG RETRACTABLE SOOT

BLOWER

ROTARY BLOWER

FURNACE TEMPERATURE
PROBE

TROUBLE SHOOTING
RETRACTABLE SOOT BLOWER:
1. overheating of lance tube
2. leakage of steam through glands
3. chain breakage
4. motor failure
5. limit switch failure

WALL DESLAGER:
1. Electrical operation not possible
2. Difficult in manual operation
3. swivel tube will require replacement
4.Cutting/polishing/frequent fouling of water wall
tubes

FURNACE TEMPERATURE PROBE:

1.Temperature indication not available
2.position indicator not readings