Organizational Behavior

and Human Resource

Management
By,
Shobhit Kumar Yadav
Shruti Gupta
Shubham Mehrotra
Shubham Misra
Shubhan Tripathi
Siddhant Khadke

Personality and
Emotions Major Topics
Major Personality Attributes Influencing

OB
The 16 Personality Factor Model
MBTI (Myers-Briggs type indicator)
The Big Five Model
Role of Emotions at the workplace
Emotional Intelligence

Personality
As said by

Gordon Allport - The dynamic

organization within the individual of those

psychophysical systems that determine his
unique adjustments to his environment
The sum total of ways in which an individual

reacts and interacts with others, the

measurable traits a person exhibits
Personality is helpful in hiring decisions

Major Personality
Attributes
1. Core Self-Evaluation : People who have positive
core self-evaluation like themselves and see
themselves as effective, capable and in control of
their environment Meanwhile, they will dislike,
question their capabilities themselves if they have
negative core self-evaluation.
There are 2 main kinds:
a. Self-esteem : Individuals degree of liking or
disliking themselves
b. Locus of control : degree to which people
believe they are masters of their own fate

Major Personality
Attributes (cont..)
2. Machiavellianism : People who are Pragmatic and
maintain emotional distance. They believe that ends can
justify means
3. Narcissism : People who are arrogant, they require
excessive admiration
4. Self- Monitoring : People who show considerable
adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external,
situational factors
5. Risk taking : People who have a tendency to engage in
behaviors that have the potential to be harmful or
dangerous, yet at the same time provide the opportunity
for some kind of outcome that can be perceived as positive

Major Personality
Attributes (cont..)
6. Type A Personality : People who are
aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant
struggle to achieve more and more in less and
less time, and ,if required to do so, against the
opposing efforts of other things or other persons.
7. Proactive personality : People who actively
take initiative to improve their current
circumstances or create new ones. They identify
opportunities, show initiative, take actions and
persevere until meaningful change occurs.

The 16 Personality
Factor
Model

According to trait theory, human personality is

composed of a number of broad traits or
dispositions.

Raymond Cattell whittled these traits down to 16

personality factors, on which this model is based .

According to Cattell, each person contains all of

these 16 traits to a certain degree, but they

might be high in some traits and low in others.

Impersonal ,
Distant, cool,
reserved ,
detached, formal,
aloof

Warmth

Outgoing ,
Attentive to others,
Easy going,
Participating

Concrete thinking,
lower general
mental capacity,
less intelligent .

Reasoning

Abstract-thinking,
more intelligent,
bright, higher
general mental
capacity .

Reactive
emotionally,
changeable,
affected by
feelings.

Emotional Stability

Emotionally stable,
adaptive, mature,
faces reality
calmly .

Deferential,
cooperative, avoids
conflict,
submissive.

Dominance

Dominant, forceful,
assertive,
aggressive,
competitive .

Serious, restrained, Liveliness

prudent, taciturn,

Lively, animated,
spontaneous,

Shy, threatsensitive, timid,

hesitant,
intimidated .

Social Boldness

Socially bold,
venturesome,
thick skinned,
uninhibited .

Utilitarian,
objective,
unsentimental,
tough minded,
self-reliant, nononsense, rough .

Sensitivity

Sensitive,
aesthetic,
sentimental,
tender minded,
intuitive, refined .

Trusting,
unsuspecting,
accepting,
unconditional,
easy .

Vigilance

Vigilant,
suspicious,
sceptical ,
distrustful,
oppositional .

Grounded,
practical, prosaic,
solution oriented,
steady,
conventional .

Abstractedness

Abstract,
imaginative,
absent minded,
impractical,
absorbed in ideas .

Forthright,

Privateness

Private, discreet,

Self-Assured,
Apprehension
unworried,
complacent, secure,
free of guilt,
confident, selfsatisfied

Apprehensive, self
doubting, worried,
guilt prone, insecure,
worrying, self
blaming .

Traditional,
Openness to
attached to familiar, Change
conservative,
respecting
traditional ideas .

Open to change,
experimental, liberal,
analytical, critical, free
thinking, flexibility .

Group-oriented,
affiliative , a joiner
and follower
dependent .

Self Reliance

Self-reliant, solitary,
resourceful,
individualistic, selfsufficient .

Tolerates disorder,
unexacting,
flexible,
undisciplined, lax,
self-conflict .

Perfectionism

Perfectionistic ,
organized, compulsive,
self-disciplined,
socially precise .

Relaxed, placid,

Tension

Tense, high energy,

MBTI (Myers-Briggs type

indicator)

Most widely used personality assessment tool in

the world.
It is a 100 question personality test.
It taps four characteristics and classifies people
into one of sixteen personality type.
Respondents are classified as: Extravert or
Introvert
(E or I ) : An extraverted person is outgoing ,
assertive and sociable. Introverts are quiet and
shy.

MBTI (cont..)
Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) : Sensing types

are practical and prefer routine and order. They

focus on details. Intuitive rely on unconscious
processes and look at the big picture.
Thinking or Feeling (T or F). Thinking types
use reason and logic to handle problems. Feeling
types rely on their personal values and emotions.
Judging or Perceiving (J or P). Judging types
want control and prefer their world to be ordered
and structured. Perceiving types are flexible and
spontaneous

16 MBTI Types:
Types

Characteristics

ISTJ

Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and

dependability.
Decide logically what should be done and work
toward it steadily, regardless of distractions.

ISFJ

Committed and steady in meeting their obligations.

Loyal, considerate, notice and remember specifics
about people who are important to them.
concerned with how others feel

INFJ

Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships,

and material possessions.
Want to understand what motivates people and are
insightful about others

INTJ

Have original minds and great drive for

implementing their ideas and achieving their goals.
When committed, organize a job and carry it
through.

ISTP

Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a

problem appears, then act quickly to find workable
solutions.
Interested in cause and effect
value efficiency.

ISFP

Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind.

Enjoy the present moment, whats going on
around them.
Loyal and committed to their values and to
people who are important to them.

INFP

Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who

are important
to them.
Seek to understand people and to help them
fulfill their potential.

INTP

Seek to develop logical explanations for

everything that interests them.
Have unusual ability to focus in depth to solve
problems in their area of interest.

ESTP

Flexible and tolerant.

They take a pragmatic approach focused on

ESFP

Enjoy working with others to make things happen.

Bring common sense and a realistic approach to
their work, and make work fun.

ENFP

Spontaneous and flexible.

Often rely on their ability to improvise and their
verbal fluency.

ENTP

Adept at generating conceptual possibilities and

then analyzing them strategically.
Good at reading other people.

ESTJ

Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact.

Decisive, quickly move to implement decisions.
Organize people to get things done.

ESFJ

Want harmony in their environment.

Like to work with others to complete task in time.

ENFJ

Highly attuned to the emotions, needs, and

motivations of others. Find potential in everyone,
want to help others fulfill their potential.

ENTJ

Assume leadership readily.

Develop and implement comprehensive systems to
solve organizational problems

Uses of MBTI
Knowing your personality type can help you

with your career planning.

MBTI is used in many organizations to
understand individual differences and provide
dynamic model for individual growth.
Knowing your MBTI type and that of others
can help you understand differences in
relationships with friends, partners.

Open
Agreea
ble

Big 5
Personality Traits

Stable

Extraver
ted

Conscienti
ous

The Big Five

Factors

High

Average

Low

Have broad
interests.
Creative,
imaginative,
curious & artistic.

Practical. Seek
balance
between old and
new.

Traditional.
Find comfort
with familiar.

Extraversion

Well organized,
dependable.
Strive to achieve
goals.

Moderately well
organized.
Generally have
clear goals.

Easy going,
sometimes
careless and
unreliable.

Agreeableness

Prefers to be
around people
most of the time.

Enjoy company
of others but
also value
privacy.

Introvert.
Few friends.

Compassionate,
eager to
cooperate and
avoid conflicts.

Generally
agreeable. But
can sometimes
be stubborn.

Disagreeable,
Proud, cold,
competitive.

Generally calm,
but sometimes

Nervous,
anxious,

Openness to
Experience
Conscientiousne
ss

Emotional
Stability

Stable, Calm,
confident &

How Big Five Traits

Influence
OB
Relevance
Effect
Big Five Trait
Openness to
Experience
Conscientious
ness

Extraversion

Agreeableness
Emotional
Stability

Increased learning
More creative
More flexible

Training performance
Enhanced leadership
More adaptable to
changes

Greater effort
More drive and
discipline
Better organized

Higher performance
Lower levels of deviant
behavior

Better interpersonal
skills
More expressive
Greater social
dominance

Higher performance
Enhanced leadership
Higher job satisfaction

Better liked
More compliant and
conforming

Higher performance
Lower levels of deviant
behavior

Less negative thinking

and fewer negative
emotions
Less hyper-vigilant

Higher job & life

satisfaction
Lower stress levels

Emotions
While not universally
accepted, there appear
to be six basic emotions
Anger
Fear
Sadness
Happiness
Disgust
Surprise
All other emotions are
subsumed under these
six

Role of Emotions at the

Selection
Workplace
1. Employers should consider EI- a factor in hiring employees,

especially in jobs that demand a high degree of social

interaction
2. Now a days more employees starting to use EI measures to hire
people.
Creativity

1. Good moods tend to be more creative than people in bad

moods.
2. Positive moods are more flexible and open in their thinking
which makes them more creative.
3. But according to some researchers Positive people are more
relax and not engage in the critical thinking necessary for some
forms of creativity.

Role of Emotions at the

Workplace(cont..)
Decision Making

Moods and Emotion have important effect on decision

making.
1. Positive Moods and Emotion
a. Help decision making
b. Enhance problem solving skills
2. Negative Moods and Emotions
a. Depressed make poorer decisions because those are
slower at processing information
b. Depressed people search for perfect solution which is
not exists

Role of Emotions at the

Workplace(cont..)
Motivation

1. Organizations that promote positive moods at work

are more likely to have more motivated workers.
2. The positive feed back to performer reinforces their
positive mood, which make them perform even better.
Leadership

1. When leaders feel exited, enthusiastic, and active,

they may be more likely to energize their subordinates.
2. Leaders convey a sense of efficacy, competence,
optimism and enjoyment.

Role of Emotions at the

Workplace(cont..)
Negotiation
1. Skilled negotiator has a poker face
2. It is a game of bluff and there is fantastic human
emotion and tension, seeing who can bluff the longest.
3. Negotiator who shows anger has an advantage over
the opponent.
Customer Service

A workers emotional state influences customer

service, which influences levels of repeat business and
level of customer satisfaction.

Emotional Intelligence
There is an intelligence based on emotion.
People who have this capacity are less depressed,

healthier, more enjoyable, and have better

relationships
It is a form of social intelligence that involves the

ability to monitor ones own and others feelings

and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to
use this information to guide ones thinking and
action

Emotional Intelligence
Cascading Model
To perceive emotions in
Conscientiousness

Cognitive

Emotional Stability

the self and others.

To understand the meaning

of these emotions.

To regulate ones emotions

accordingly in cascading
model.

Case for Emotional

Intelligence
Intuitive Appeal
EI predicts Criteria that Matter
EI is Biologically Based

Case against Emotional

Intelligence

EI Researchers do not agree on Definitions

EI cant be measured
EI is nothing but personality with a different

label

Self awareness

Social awareness

Self management

Relationship
management

So Why is Emotional
Intelligence Important?

High EI individuals compared to those low on EI are:

Less aggressive
More empathic
Happier
Have fewer unauthorised absences and exclusions

from school
Less depressed
Less stressed
Higher self-esteem
Less lonely
Better quality friendships and sexual relationships

QUIZ
What do you understand by EI?
Why is EI important?
What is Personality?
How many questions are used in MBTI?
Name any four traits in 16 Personality Model.
Name any four major personality attributes.
Give any two applications of role of emotions

at Workplace?

References
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/subject

s/psychology/EmotionalIntelligenceOverviewLecture.pp
t
www.yale.edu/21c/documents/21CEmotionalIntelligence.ppt
Organizational Behaviour - 15h Edition - Stephen
Robbins , Timothy A. Judge , Neharika Vohra
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence