Explain the key words

1.biological oxidation
2.respiratory chain
3.oxidative phosphorylation
4.substrate level phosphorylation
5.p/o ratios

List the order of two important

respiratory chains .

 1.NADH equivalents are transported from

the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix by
two shuttle systems:
malateaspartate shuttle and
-glycerolphosphate shuttle.
2.there are two respiratory chains in the
inner membrane of mitochondria:_ NADHlinked respiratory chain and succinate-linked
respiratory chain.
3. In the NADH-linked respiratory chain,
there are __3___ mol ATP produced on
average, and in the succinate-linked
respiratory chain, __2___ mol ATP produced
on average.

 4. the flow of protons back to the matrix

through ATP Synthase drives the synthesis
of ATP.
5. cytosolic NADH when oxidized via glycerophosphate shuttle which gives rise
to _2__ ATP, while oxidized via malateasparate shuttle which gives rise to __3_
ATP.

NADH equivalents are transported from

the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix
with which shuttle systems?

A.glycerolphosphate shuttle
B. malate-aspartate shuttle
C.citrate-pyruvate cycle
D.alanine-glucose cycle
E. citrate acid cycle

Proton pumps are ( ) where

protons flow from the matrix to the
intermembrane space and a
membrane potential is formed

A . Complex
B. Complex
C. Complex
D. Complex
E. ATP Synthase

 How many ATPs will be produced when

1 cytosolic NADH is transported into
the mitochondria by glycerophosphate shuttle?
A1
B2
C3
D4
E 5

 The coenzyme of -glycerophosphate

dehydrogenase in mitochondria is
A FAD
B FMN
C NAD+
D NADP+
E HSCoA

 Which is not the energy-rich

compound?
A .CP
B. ATP
C. PEP
D. 1,3-bisphoglycerate
E. 2,3-bisphoglycerate

the sequence of cytochrome in

respiratory chain is :

A. c----c1----b----aa3----O2
B. c1---- c ----b----aa3----O2
C. b ----c1---- c ----aa3----O2
D. b ---- c ---- c1 ----aa3----O2
E. c---- b ---- c1 ----aa3----O2

which of the following is not part

of the electron transport chain

A. cytochrome C
B. coenzyme Q
C. iron-sulfur proteins
D. cytochrome P450
E. cytochrome oxidase

Which of following metabolic process is

not completed in mitochondrion?

A citric acid cycle

B -oxidation of fatty acid
C electron transport chain
D glycolysis
E oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following takes place during

oxidative phosphorylation in
mitochondria?
A Protons are pumped from the matrix to the
intermembrane space
B Protons are pumped from the intermembrane
space to the matrix
C Electrons are pumped from the matrix to the
intermembrane space
D Electrons are pumped from the
intermembrane space to the matrix
E NADH is pumped from the matrix to the
intermembrane space

1. in the TAC , which reaction contains

substrate level phosphorylation

A . Isocitrate

-ketoglutarate

B . citrate

Isocitrate

C. succinyl CoA
D. succinate
E. malate

succinate
malate
Oxaloacetate
(C)

14

2 . In the TAC , which reaction dont

dehydrogenate
A.

citrate

B. Isocitrate
C. -ketoglutarate
D. succinate
E. malate

Isocitrate
-ketoglutarate
succinate
fumarase
Oxaloacetate
( A)
15

3.

In the TAC, the oxidative

decarboxylation is catalyzed by
A. Citrate synthase

B. Fumarase
C. Succinate dehydrogenase
D. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
E. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
( D E)
16

4. The production of the TAC are

A.

1 pairs of FADH2

B. 3 pairs of NADH+H+
C. 1 molecule of GTP
D. 2 molecules of CO2
E. 2 molecules of GTP
( ABCD)
17

5.

the key enzymes of Krebs

Cycle

A. citrate synthase
B. isocitrate dehydrogenase
C. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
D. Fumarase
E. Malate dehydrogenase
( ABC)
18

6. how many ATP are produced by

the oxidation of a molecule of aceyl
CoA via the citric acid cycle
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

9 ATP
10 ATP
11 ATP
12 ATP
13 ATP
( D)
19

7. The TAC will speed up when

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

high
High
High
High
high

ADP , low ATP

ATP
NADH
succinyl CoA
citrate
(A )
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8. Which process take place in the

mitochondria of

eukaryotes

A . Glycolysis
B. gluconeogenesis
C. TAC cycle
D. glycogen synthesis
E. pentose phosphate pathway
(C)
21

9. Which enzyme use FAD+ as

coenzyme
A . Lactate dehydrogenase
B. isocitrate dehydrogenase
C. succinate dehydrogenase
D. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
complex.
E. malate dehydrogenase.

(C)
22

10.

Please explain the process

of biological oxidation.

That is a three-step process :

Step1, acetyl CoA production:

Oxidation of fuel molecules to acetyl CoA
Step2, acetyl CoA oxidation:
acetyl CoA go into the citric acid cycle
Step3, electron transfer and oxidative
phosphorylation :
NADH and FADH2 produced by citric acid cycle
go into the electron chain and produce ATP
23

11. Description the highlight and

main role of TAC
The main role of

TAC :

) the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O

) produces energy,
) produces precursors for many biosynthetic
pathways

24

a.
b.

the reaction site:

in the mitochondria of eukaryotes
in the cytosol of prokaryotes .

the producion:
1 molecule of FADH2
3 molecules of NADH + H+
1 molecule of GTP
2 molecules of CO2

highlight
of TCA cycle

c. The key enzyme

1) citrate synthase
2) isocitrate dehydrogenase
3)-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

d. the production of energy

12 ATP
25

12. Write down the reaction that

produce acetyl CoA from pyruvate .
Summary the main metabolism
direction of acetyl CoA .
pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvate

NAD +

acetyl CoA + CO2

NADH

Converted into ketone bodies

acetyl CoA

go into TAC
fatty acid
cholesterol synthesis

26

1. Rotenone inhibit electron

transport at (

A. NADH dehydrogenase
B. cytochrome bc1 complex
C. cytochrome oxidase
D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase
E. cytochrome c
(A )

2. antimycin A inhibit
electron transport at ( )
A. NADH dehydrogenase
B. cytochrome bc1 complex
C. cytochrome oxidase
D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase
E. cytochrome c
(B )

3.

carbon monoxide (CO) inhibit

electron transport at ( )

A. NADH dehydrogenase
B. cytochrome bc1 complex
C. cytochrome oxidase
D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase
E. cytochrome c
(C )

4. Coupling site of electron

transport and phosphorylation
are( )
A. complex
B. complex
C. complex
D. complex
E. complex
( A,C,D )

5 . The two ways to

synthesize ATP
are (
) and (

-Oxidative phosphorylation

-substrate level phosphorylation

6. The mechanism of
oxidative phosphorylation
is (
)
-Chemiosmotic hypothesis

7. the enzyme that actually

synthesis ATP is (
),
it is made up of (
)unit
and ( ) unit
ATP synthase
F0 , F1

8. NADH produced in the

cytoplasm must be reoxidized via
a membrane shuttle . The two
shuttle system are ( ) and ( )
-glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle

-Malate-asparate shuttle

9.

If ADP is high, The Oxidative

phosphorylation and Oxygen
consumption will (
) .
if ADP is low , The Oxidative
phosphorylation and Oxygen
consumption will (
)

rises , falls

10 . the chemicals that can

uncouple the electron
transport with the ATP
synthesis are ( ) and (

DNP,

Uncoupling protein

11. Explain : How uncoupling

protein uncouple the electron
transport and phosphorylation ?

12 . 1 molecule of pyruvate can

produce (
) ATPs .
write down the main reaction
that produced ATP .
15 ATPS

pyruvate

Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
NAD+

NADH

acetyl-CoA

NADH go into NADH respiratory chain

produce 3 ATPs
acetyl-CoA go into the TCA cycle .
the TCA cycle can porduce 12 ATPs
So ,total 15 ATPs are synthesized pre
pyruvate is oxidized .

13. Write down the 3 reactions

we have learned that synthesize
ATP or GTP through substrate
level phosphorylation

1. Description Composition of respiratory

chain complex ( 4 or 5 scores)

Complex: NADH dehydrogenase

or called NADH-CoQ reductase
complex : Succinate-coenzyme Q
reductase
complex : Cytochrome bc1 complex
or called cytochrome reductase
complex : Cytochrome oxidase

2. Write down the two respiratory chain ( 6 cores)

NADH respiratory

NADH

chain

FMN
(Fe-S)

complex

CoQ

Cytb Fe-S Cytc1

Cytc

Cytaa3

Complex

Complex

succinate

FAD
(Fe-S)
complex

FADH2 respiratory

chain

O2

3. Filling the blank

There is two respiratory chain in
the body : that is ( ) and (
)

NADH respiratory chain

FADH2 respiratory chain

4. Explain : electron transport

chain
Electron transport chain:
The electrons are
transferred from NADH to
oxygen along a chain of
electron carriers collectively
called electron transport chain ,
also called respiratory chain.

5. Choice
the sequence of Cytochoreme in
respiratory chain
A. c
B . c1
C. b
D. b
E. c

c1

aa3

O2

aa3

O2

c1

aa3

O2

c1

aa3

O2

aa3

O2

c1