Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Curriculum 1
Physiology and 1
Pharmacology
for Addiction Professionals
CONCERT REVIEW
Psychoactive Substances
Affect
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BloodBrain Barrier
Large, watersoluble
molecules are
blocked
Small, fat-soluble
molecules can enter
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Pharmacology
Studies
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Half-Life
The
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Other Factors
A persons
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Psychoactive Substances
Psychoactive
substances alter:
Mood
Thoughts
Sensory perceptions
Behavior
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Effects of Psychoactive
Substances
Can
be positive or negative
Depend to a large extent on the type of
substance used
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Opioids
(narcotics)
Cocaine
Heroin
Alcohol
LSD
Amphetamine
Morphine
Barbiturates
Mescaline
Peyote
Methamphetamine
Opium
Benzodiazepines
Ecstasy
Demerol
GammaHydroxybutyrat
e (GHB);
Rohypnol
Mushrooms
Nicotine,
Caffeine
Depressants Hallucinogen
s
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Legal Substances
Just
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Other
Some
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Routes of Administration
Swallowing
Snorting
Smoking
Inhaling
fumes
Intramuscular (IM) injection
Subcutaneous (SC) injection
Intravenous (IV) injection
Topical
Sublingual
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Routes of Administration
The
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Speed of Action
Smoking:
710 seconds
Intravenous injecting: 1530 seconds
Injecting into the muscle or under the skin: 35
minutes
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Speed of Action
Mucous
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Progression of Use
Experimental/recreational
use
Circumstantial/Occasional use
Intensified/regular use
Compulsive/addictive use
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Addiction
Is
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Science of Addiction
Addiction
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Disease
Alteration
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Symptom
Subjective:
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Sign
Objective:
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PET
SPECT
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Disease
ADDICTION
AND HEART
DISEASE BOTH
CAUSE
BIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
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Etiological Agent
An
external cause
Examples:
For AIDS, the etiological agent is HIV
For a severe sore throat, the etiological agent is
probably a bacterium
For addiction, the agent is the substance
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Other Factors
Other
Other Factors
With
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Genetics
The
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2008). Genetics of Addiction: A Research Update From the National
Institute on Drug Abuse. Accessed April 17, 2011 at http://www.drugabuse.gov/tib/genetics.html
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Pathogenesis
The
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Chronic Disease
Long
lasting
Cannot be cured but can be managed
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Chronic Disease
The
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Brain Disease
Substances
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Relapsing Disease
Because
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Relapse
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Brain Communication
The
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Neuron Structure
Myelin Sheath
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Brain Communication
Networks
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Dopamine
Dopamin
e
Dopamin
e
Receptor
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Brain Communication
A neurotransmitter
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Brain Communication
Dopamine
Transporters
Dopamine
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A Cluster of Neurons
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Brain Communication
Psychoactive
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Cocaine
Transporters
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brain stem
The cerebral cortex
The limbic system
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Brain Stem
Controls
functions
critical to life,
such as heart
rate,
breathing, and
sleeping
Brain Stem
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
Processes
information from
the senses; the
thinking and
judgment center
of the brain
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Limbic System
Contains the
brains reward
circuit
Limbic
System
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Reward from
naturally
rewarding
behaviors
(eating, drinking,
sex)
Reward from
psychoactive
substances
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The
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Dopamine Receptor
Availability
Red=High levels of dopamine receptors
Healthy brain
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2007). Science & Practice Perspectives, 3(2).
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Tolerance
Needing
effect
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Progression of Addiction 1
SPORTS
FAMILY
Substance
FOOD
FAMILY
FRIENDS
EXERCISE
WORK
SCHOOL
Substance
FAMILY
FRIENDS
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Progression of Addiction 2
Substance
Substance
SPORTS
FOOD
FAMILY
FRIENDS
WORK
Substance
SCHOOL
EXERCISE
Substance
FRIENDS
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Progression of Addiction 3
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
Substance
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Addiction
No one ever
plans to become
addicted!
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person
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Biology/Genes
Biology/
Biology/Genes
environment
Environment
interactions
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The
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Home
School
Neighborhood
Family and friends
Cultural customs and mores
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Social Stigma
Severe
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Social Stigma
Social
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Social Stigma
Stigma
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Stigma Study
Study
Source: Luoma, J.B., Twohig ,M.P., Waltz, T., Hayes, S.C., Roget, N., Padilla, M, & Fisher, G.
(2007). An investigation of stigma in individuals receiving treatment for substance abuse. Addictive
Behaviors 32(7). 1331-1346.
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Stigma
Stigma
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Stigma
The
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Words Matter!
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Language of Stigma
User
Abuser
Intravenous
Junkie
Addict
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Language of Stigma
Clean
Dirty
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Stigma
Can
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