TRADE UNION IN INDIA

Presented By:

Prerna Lama

Chandni Sinha

Amrit Roy

Kiran Kumari

What is Trade Union

It means any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the
purpose of regulating the relations between workman and employers or between
workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing
restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any
federation of two or more Trade Unions:

Provided that shall not affect :

Any agreement between partners as to their own business.

Any agreement between an employer and those employed by him as to

OR
)

Any agreement in consideration of the sale of the goodwill of a business or of instruction

in any profession, trade or handicraft.

Objectives of Trade Unions

Wages and Salaries

Working Conditions

Discipline

Personnel Policies

Welfare

Employee-employer relation

Negotiating machinery

Safeguarding organizational health and the interest of the industry

Characteristics of Trade Unions

Trade union are voluntary association of either employee or

employer or independent workers.

Trade union are generally permanent combination.

Trade union formed by collective actions of workers.

To promote and protect the economic, social and vocational interest

of workers/members.

Trade union are adoptable to the changing socio-economic- legal political environment.

Trade union are designed to eliminate the exploitation of the workers

through workers participation in the management.

Importance of Trade Unions

For Industrial Peace

Decisions taken through the process of collective bargaining and

negotiations between employer and unions are more influential

Effective communication between the workers and the

management

Economic Development

Recruitment & selection

Discipline among workforce

Settlement of ID in rational manner

Classification of Trade Unions

IDEOLOGY

TRADE UNION

TRADE

AGREEMENT

Classification based on Ideology

Revolutionary Unions

Reformist or Welfare Unions

Uplift Unions

Classification based on Trade

Craft Union

White Collar Union

Blue Collar Union

Agricultural Workers Union

Classification based on Agreement

Closed Shop

Union Shop

Preferential Shop

Maintenance Shop

Agency Shop
Open Shop

Functions of Trade Unions

Trade unions perform a number of functions in order to achieve the
objectives. These functions can be broadly classified into four categories:

Militant Functions

Fraternal Functions

Social Functions

Political functions

Militant Functions

To achieve higher wages and better working

conditions

To raise the status of workers as a part of

industry

To protect labors against victimization and

injustice

Fraternal Functions

Fraternal Functions

Fraternal Functions

To take up welfare measures for improving the morale

of workers

To generate self confidence among workers

To encourage sincerity and discipline among workers

To provide opportunities for promotion and growth

To protect women workers against discrimination

Social Functions

Welfare activities

Education

Scheme, and Procedure for redressing their grievances

Publication of Periodicals
Research

Political Functions

Affiliating the union with a political party

Helping the political party in enrolling members

Collecting donations
Seeking the help of political parties during the
periods of strikes and lockouts.

Role of Trade Unions

Sectional Bargainer

Class Bargainer

Agents of State

Partners in Social Control

Unions role

Business Oriented Role

Unions as Change Agent

Reasons for Joining Trade Unions

Greater Bargaining Power

Minimize Discrimination

Sense of Security

Sense of Participation

Sense of Belongingness

Platform for self-expression

Betterment of relationships

List of Amending Acts

Trade Union Act, 1926

Indian Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 1928 (15 Of 1928)

Government Of India (Adaptation Of Indian Laws) Order, 1937

Repealing And Amending Act, 1942 (25 Of 1942)

Indian Independence (Adaptation Of Central Acts And

Ordinances) Order, 1948

Adaptation Of Laws Order, 1950

Part B States (Laws) Act, 1951 (3 Of 1951)

Indian Trade Unions (Amendments) Act, 1960 (42 Of 1960)

Indian Trade Unions (Amendments) Act, 1964( 38 Of 1964)

Central Labour Laws( Extension To J&K) Act, 1970 (51 Of 1970)

Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 2001 (31 Of 2001)

Trade Union Organizations

All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)

Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangha (BMS)

Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)

Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)

Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)

Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)

Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)

National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)

National Labor Organization (NLO)

Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)

United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)

United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani (UTUC - LS)

Problems for Trade Union Growth

Trade Union leadership

Multiple union

Union Rivalry

Finance

Low membership

Heterogeneous nature of labour

Lack of Interest

Absence of paid office bearers

Illiteracy

Uneven growth

Measures to strengthen Trade

Unions

Management should assure that the victimization will be at zero level, even if the

Trade unions are led by insiders;

Extensive training facilities in the areas of leadership skills, management

Techniques and programmes should be provided to the workers

Special leave should be sanctioned to the office bearers

Elimination of party politics and outsiders through building up of internal leaders

Promotion of collective bargaining through recognition of sole bargaining agents

Improving the system of union recognition

Encouraging union security

Empowering labour courts to settle inter-union disputes if they are not settled
within the organization.

Trade unions should extend welfare measures to the members and actively pursue
social responsibilities. Social responsibility of Trade Unions should go beyond their
limited constituency within members only.

The Trade Union Act, 1926 should be amended and the number of members required
to form a trade union should be increased from 7 to 50% of the employees of an
organization. Similarly, the scope for the outside leadership should be reduced from
50% to about 10%. The membership subscription should be enhanced from 25 paisa to
1 % of the monthly wage of the worker.

Trade Unions should make efforts to raise their declining membership which is world
over phenomenon.

WHITE-COLLAR UNIONISM

White-collar recruits primarily non-manual workers.

White-collar unions represent general clerical workers and workers from the
services sector, including financial services.

There has been main expansion since the 1960s in this area.

The largest white-collar union is the MSF

An open union is one which imposes no restrictions on its area of organization

and will recruit all workers and union is interested in increasing recruitment
simply to increase its numerical strength,

A closed union restricts its membership to particular categories and aims to

control the supply of labour to a particular industry or occupation