VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL

VOICE OVER
INTERNET PROTOCOL
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

N. SRINIVASU

SUBMITTED
BY

SHREETAM MOHANTY ROLL # EC200118010

SHREETAM MOHANTY [1]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
INTRODUCTION
What is VOIP ?
Voice over Internet Protocol transfers voice through IP
packets through the Internet. VoIP can use special
hardware or a PC environment to achieve this purpose.

How does VOIP works:

Voice (source) - - ADC - - - - Internet - - - DAC - -
Voice (dest)

SHREETAM MOHANTY [2]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
PACKET FREQUENCY

●Packet frequency as the number of packets

containing voice samples which are sent per second

Components of H.323
● Terminals
● Gateways
● Gatekeepers

SHREETAM MOHANTY [3]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
H.323 TERMINAL SUPPORTING OTHER PROTOCOLS

●H.245 : allowing the usage of the channels.

●Q.931: call signaling and setting up the call

●RTP: carries voice packets

●RAS: interacting with the gatekeeper

SHREETAM MOHANTY [4]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
GATEWAYS

●Interface between the PSTN and the Internet

●Translator : H.225 to H.221 or audio to video

SHREETAM MOHANTY [5]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
GATEKEEPERS

●Controls the end points under its zone

Function

●Address Translation
●Admissions Control
●Call signaling
●Call Authorization
●Bandwidth Management

SHREETAM MOHANTY [6]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
H.323 PROTOCOL STACK

SHREETAM MOHANTY [7]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL

DEFINITIONS
Zone
The collection of a gatekeeper and the endpoints
registered with it is called a zone
Network Address
For each H.323 entity, a network address is assigned
and this address uniquely identifies the H.323 entity
on the network
TSAP Identifier
These TSAP identifiers allow multiplexing of several
channels sharing the same network address

SHREETAM MOHANTY [8]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
CALL SETUP IN H.323
Endpoint enters the call setup phase

Discovering a gatekeeper which would take the

management of that endpoint

The capability exchange takes place between the

endpoint and the gatekeeper

Registration of the endpoint with its gatekeeper

The call is established

SHREETAM MOHANTY [9]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
MULTIPOINT CONTROL UNITS (MCU)

SHREETAM MOHANTY [10]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
SESSION INITIATION PROTOCOL (SIP)

●It is an application layer control protocol for

creating, modifying and terminating sessions
with one or more participants

SHREETAM MOHANTY [11]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
SIP MESSAGES

INVITE: for inviting a user to a call

BYE: for terminating a connection between the two
end points
ACK: invitation for reliable exchange of messages
OPTIONS: for getting information about the
capabilities of a call
REGISTER: gives information about the location of a
user to the SIP registration server.
CANCEL: for terminating the search for a user

SHREETAM MOHANTY [12]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
SAMPLE SIP OPERATION

SHREETAM MOHANTY [13]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
SUPPORTING PROTOCOLS

SHREETAM MOHANTY [14]

N
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
CONCLUSION
●Like everything else, as the technology changes so
At first, only a few companies like Cisco and Lucent
offered VoIP services, but the large
telecommunications carriers – such as AT&T and
Sprint -- are catching on

●VoIP is predominately used for personal instead of

enterprise-wide use, but will the people who use it.

SHREETAM MOHANTY [15]

N