Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Eighth Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Database Management
Objectives
Introduce TAL Distributors, the company that is
used as the basis for many of the examples
throughout the text
Introduce basic database terminology
Describe database management systems (DBMSs)
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
database processing
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
Objectives (continued)
Introduce Colonial Adventure Tours, the company
that is used in a case that appears throughout the
text
Introduce Solmaris CondominiumGroup, the
company that is used in another case that appears
throughout the text
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
Customers
Customer number, name, address, current balance,
credit limit, number of customers sales rep
Items Inventory
Item number, description, number units on hand, item
category, storehouse number, unit price
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
Order line
Order number, item number, number of units ordered,
quoted price
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
Database Background
Database
Structure that can store information about:
Different categories of information
Relationships between those categories of information
Entity
Person, place, object, event, or idea
Entities for TAL Distributors: sales reps, customers,
orders, and items
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
10
Relationship
Association between entities
One-to-many relationship
Each rep is associated with many customers
Each customer is associated with a single rep
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
11
12
13
Database
Structure that can store information about:
Multiple types of entities
Attributes of those entities
Relationships between the entities
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
14
15
16
17
18
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
19
20
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
21
22
Reports
DBMS creates reports for TAL Distributors based on
users answers about the desired content and
appearance of each report
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
23
24
25
26
4. Controlling redundancy
5. Facilitating consistency
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
27
7. Expanding security
8. Increasing productivity
9. Providing data independence
Data independence: can change structure of a
database without changing the programs that
access the database
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
28
Disadvantages of Database
Processing
1.
2.
3.
4.
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
29
Guides
Trips
Customers
Reservations
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
30
31
32
33
34
35
FIGURE 1-20: E-R diagram for the Colonial Adventure Tours database
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
36
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
37
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
38
39
FIGURE 1-23: Sample data about condo units for Solmaris Condominium Group
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
40
FIGURE 1-24: Sample data about service categories for Solmaris Condominium
Group
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
41
FIGURE 1-25: Sample data about service requests for Solmaris Condominium
Group
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
42
FIGURE 1-26: E-R diagram for the Solmaris Condominium Group database
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
43
Summary
Problems with nondatabase approaches to data
management: redundancy, difficulties accessing
related data, limited security features, limited data
sharing features, and potential size limitations
Entity: person, place, object, event, or idea for
which you want to store and process data
Attribute, field, or column: characteristic or property
of an entity
Relationship: an association between entities
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
44
Summary (continued)
One-to-many relationship: each occurrence of first
entity is related to many occurrences of the second
entity and each occurrence of the second entity is
related to only one occurrence of the first entity
Database: structure that can store information about
multiple types of entities, attributes of entities, and
relationships among entities
TAL Distributors requires information about reps,
customers, items, orders, and order lines
Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram: represents a
database visually by using various symbols
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
45
Summary (continued)
Database management system (DBMS): program
through which users interact with a database; lets
you create forms and reports quickly and easily
and obtain answers to questions about the data
Advantages of database processing: getting more
information from the same amount of data, sharing
data, balancing conflicting requirements, controlling
redundancy, facilitating consistency, improving
integrity, expanding security, increasing
productivity, and providing data independence
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
46
Summary (continued)
Disadvantages of database processing: larger file
size, increased complexity, greater impact of
failure, and more difficult recovery
Colonial Adventure Tours needs to store
information about: guides, trips, customers, and
reservations
Solmaris Condominium Group needs to store
information about: condo locations, owners, condo
units, service categories, and service requests
2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom .
47