Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Digestive System
Function
Mouth
Oropharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Large Intestine
Cecum
Colon
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Accessory Organs
Salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Tongue
Teeth
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Vermiform appendix
Tube with 4
layers of tissue
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
Mucosa
Inner most layer
Made of 3 layers of epithelium, connective
tissue & smooth muscle
Submucosa
Muscularis
Thick layer of muscle tissue
Inner layer of circular smooth muscle
Outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle
Myenteric plexus between the muscular
layers
Serosa
Outermost layer
Made of connective tissue & peritoneum
(visceral layer)
Layer of peritoneum that lines the
abdominal cavity= parietal layer
Mesentery is the fold of membrane that
connects the parietal & visceral layer of
peritoneum
Lips
Cheek
Tongue
Hard & Soft Palates
Lips
Surround the orifice of the mouth & form
anterior boundary
Covered by skin externally & mucous
membrane internally
Philtrum: shallow vertical groove that
marks the midline of upper lip
Cheeks
Form lateral boundaries, continuous with
lips, lined by mucous membranes
Formed in large part by buccinator muscle
Tongue
Intrinsic muscle:
changes in size &
shape of tongue;
important for
mastication (chewing)
Extrinsic muscle:
origin outside the
tongue; important for
deglutition
(swallowing) & talking
3 parts: root, body, tip
Papillae
Lingual Frenulum
Fold of mucous
membrane on the
undersurface of the
tongue that anchors
the tongue to the floor
of mouth
Salivary glands
Three pairs:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Parotid Glands
Largest
Between skin &
masseter muscle in
front of & below the
ear
Produce a serous
(watery) type of saliva
Submandibular glands
Mixed gland-contain
both serous & mucusproducing elements
Located below
mandibular angle
Sublingual glands
Smallest
Under the mucous
membrane covering
the floor of the mouth
Produce only a
mucous type of saliva
Tooth
3 main parts
Crown: exposed
portion, covered by
enamel
Neck: area
surrounded by
gingiva
Root: area that fits
into jaw
Tooth suspended
in place by
periodontal
membrane
Tooth structure
Dentin: makes up
greatest portion of
tooth shell, covered by
enamel on crown &
cementum in neck &
root
Dentin contains a pulp
cavity consisting of
vessels & nerves
Type of teeth
Deciduous teeth
(baby): 20; erupt
from 6 mos. to 20
mos.
Permanent teeth: 32
Pharynx
Esophagus
Collapsible tube,
posterior to trachea
Mucosa: stratified
squamous epithelium
to resist abrasion
Muscularis: striated
in upper third,
smooth in lower third
Sphincters of esophagus
Upper esophageal
sphincter: helps
prevent air from
entering during
respiration
Lower esophageal
sphincter (cardiac
sphincter): between
stomach & esophagus
Stomach
Three divisions:
Sphincter of Stomach
Gastric mucosa
Gastric glands
Gastric muscle
Functions of stomach
Reservoir
Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion
Churns food
Secretes intrinsic factor
Absorption-small amounts
Produces hormones
Protects by destroying pathogens
Small intestine
Main site of digestion & absorption
3 divisions:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Wall of Small
Intestine
Goblet cells
Large numbers of
mucus secreting
goblet cells on villi &
in crypts
Crypts serve as area
of rapid mitotic
division & at base of
crypts secretory cells
produce an enzyme
that is thought to
inhibit bacterial
growth
Large Intestine
Divisions:
Vermiform appendix
Wormlike tubular
organ, communicates
with cecum
Peritoneum
Liver
Hepatic lobules
anatomical units of
liver
Branch of hepatic vein
through center of each
lobule
Outer corners of
lobules are the
branches of hepatic
artery, portal vein,
hepatic duct
Bile ducts
Functions of liver
Detoxify substances
Secrete bile
Metabolism of foods
Store several substances
Produces plasma proteins & site of
hematopoiesis during fetal development
Gallbladder
Pear shaped on underside of liver
Serous, muscular & mucosal layer
Functions: stores, concentrates & ejects
bile
Pancreas
Image Citations