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PREPARED BY:

Lamia Galal Ahmed


Merhan Azzam
Ibrahim Mohamed Gamal
Mohamed Ahmed Nasr
Noha Omar Hussein

CONTENTS

Introduction
Strategic Assessment
Doing Battle
Planning Siege
Formation
Force
Force Of Momentum
Emptiness and fullness
Armed Struggle
Adaptation
Maneuvering Armies
Terrain
Nine Grounds
Fire attack
On The Use of Spies

INTRODUCTION

The book has been written over two thousand years ago during a
period of prolonged civil warfare by mysterious Chinese warrior
philosopher.

This book will give you deep knowledge to be aware of


disturbance before disturbance, to be aware of danger before
danger, to be aware of destruction before destruction, simply to
be good mature leader and how to take the best preventive and
corrective actions.

The text is composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to


one aspect ofwarfare
The following topics are the summary of Master Sun & another
eleven selected interpreters.

STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT

Military action: is important to the all countries, it is the ground of death & life so it is necessary to
examine it carefully. You can measure it in term of 5 things the way, weather, terrain, leadership &
discipline any leader should use it to evaluate his side & the opponent side. Its better to do this
evaluation at home before any action. Mobilizing the troops based on the leader experience.
Mentioned a good assessment for comparison to find out the current conditions 7 questions
1-which political leadership has the way?
2-which general has ability?
3-who has the better climate & terrain?
4-whose discipline is effective?
5-whose troops are stronger?
6- Whose officers & soldiers are better trained?
7-whose system of rewards & punishments is clearer?

How to deal with your enemy?


1-even if you are competent, appear to be incompetent, involve deception.
2- Its easier to attack when your enemy is confused.
3-avoid your enemy when he is strong & ready.
4-attack your enemy when they become lazy, decadent or angry. 4-give them the inferiority impression
to make them proud then attack.
5- cause division between their leaders & subordinates.
6- dont let your enemy aware of what you are planning to do.
Based on the leader good in house plan, you can win before you even fight

DOING BATTLE

After setting your plans, prepare your equipment to start the battle.
War is like a fire, if you do not put it out, it will burn itself out then
you should always follow up your troops & reinforce your army
whenever you can.

You should analyze both advantages & disadvantages of your army


& the other party army. Very important before you go to war, is to
calculate your expected expenses & to calculate properly the cost of
the supplies. The people are the basis of the country & the food is
the heaven of the people then the leader should take this into
consideration & never to let the people exhausted.

Anger kills the enemy & rewards make them proud & give them
extra power. Meanwhile, suitable reward & punishment always solid
factor to control your army.

Fast action is a key factor to control your expenditures & to give


your army good rest. If the leader is wise the army & the entire
country is safe.

PLANNING A SIEGE

The best scenario is that the leader should keep


his nation intact. Good leaders should get rid of
trouble & must take care of it before it arises &
those who are good at overcoming opponents are
those who win before there is form.
You can win by several ways:
Winning by intelligence: this is the best ever; it
means winning in the scheming stage before the
forming stage. Next best is winning by attacking
alliances. Next best is to attack the army. The
lowest is to attack a city. Only siege it when it's
necessary.

If you r equal, fight if you r able (to motivate), if you r fewer, keep
away if you r able, if you r not as good, flee if you r able (to hide and
keep disturbing only by setting an ambush but you have to be able
also to bear anger and humiliation).

If the smaller size is stubborn he will definitely be captive. So


generals have to be wise, for they r assistance of the nation, when
they r intelligent the country is strong, when they r defective, the
country is weak. That's why it is imperative to be careful in choosing
ppl in positions.

And that's why a good general has to employ the intelligent, the
brave, the greedy and the foolish. The intelligent will be glad to
establish their merit, the brave will be glad to cut off their ambitions,
the greedy will welcome to pursue profit and the foolish do not care if
they die.

FORMATION:

You can know the inner conditions of the opponents by


looking at their external formations. If they r formless,
the inner is inscrutable, if they are formed, the inner is
obvious. Inscrutable wins and obvious loses.

So keep defensive and be prepared, hide your form,


erase your tracks and watch for gaps in the enemy and
then make a surprise attack.

That's why a victorious army wins first, then seeks a


battle, but defeated army fights first, then seeks victory.

FORCE:

The use of accumulated energy or momentum is


referred to as the force of the army. They need to
attack complete emptiness with complete fullness,
to be like stones thrown on eggs.

To do this always induce your opponents to come to


you, do not go to them. As long as they come to
you, you will be full and they will be empty.

That's why the confrontation is done directly, while


the victory is gained by surprise.

FORCE OF MOMENTUM

Good warriors seek effectiveness in battle from the


force of momentum not from individual people, so
that they are able to choose people and let the force
of momentum do its work, so in this moment it is
impossible to choose them for their capabilities and
give them responsibilities

Delegation of responsibility is use greed, use folly, use


intelligence and use bravery and allow the natural
force of each one, so distributing responsibility
according to their respective capacities

EMPTINESS AND FULLNESS

Good warriors cause other to come to them and do


not go to others.
Causing your opponents to be unaware of the place
and time of battle, you can always win
Assess opponents condition, observe what they
do, and you can find out their plans and measures
Compare the strength of the enemy with your own,
and you will know where there is sufficiency or lack.
After that you can assess the advantage of the
attack or defense.

ARMED STRUGGLE

The ordinary rule for use of military force is for the


military command to receive the orders from the
civilian authorities, then to gather and mass the
troops, quartering them together. Nothing is harder
than armed struggle.
The difficulty of armed struggle is to make long
distances near and make problems into advantages.
Therefore you make their route a long one, luring
them on in hopes of gain. When you set out after
others and arrive before them, you know the
strategy of making the distant near.

Therefore armed struggle is considered


profitable, and armed struggle is
considered dangerous.
So an army perishes if it has no
equipment, it perishes if it has no food,
and it perishes if it has no money.
So if you do not know the plans of your
competitors, you cannot make informed
alliances

ADAPTATIONS

The general rule for military operations is that the military leadership receives the order from the
civilian leadership to gather armies.

Let there be no encampment on difficult terrain. Let diplomatic relations be established at borders.
Do not stay in barren or isolated territory.

When on surrounded ground, plot. When on deadly ground, fight.

There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be sieged, territory
not to be fought over, orders of civilian governments not to be obeyed.

Therefore generals who know all possible adaptations to take advantage of the ground know how
to use military forces. If generals do not know how to adapt advantageously, even if they know the
lay of the land they cannot take advantage of it.

If they rule armies without knowing the arts of complete adaptivity, even if they know what there
is to gain, they cannot get people to work for them.

Therefore the considerations of the intelligent always include both benefit and harm. As they
consider benefit, their work can expand; as they consider harm, their troubles can be resolved.

MANEUVERING ARMIES

Whenever you station an army to observe an opponent, cut off the


mountains and stay by the valleys.
Watch the light, stay on the heights. when fighting on a hill, do not climb.
This applies to an army in the mountains
When cut off by water, always stay away from water. Do not meet them
in water, it is advantageous to let half of them cross and then attack.

Take care of physical health and stay where there are plenty of resources.
When there is no sickness in the army,its said to be invincible.
If soldiers are punished before personal attachment to leadership is
formed,they will not submit, and if they do not submit they are hard to
employ.

Therefore direct them through cultural arts, unify them through martial
arts, this means certain victory.

X.TERRAIN

Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds


of terrain, to wit:
(1) Accessible ground;
(2) entangling ground;
(3) temporizing ground;
(4) narrow passes;
(5) precipitous heights;
(6) positions at a great distance from the
enemy.

14. Now an army is exposed to six


several calamities, not arising from
natural causes, but from faults for
which the general is responsible. These
are:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Flight;
insubordination;
collapse;
ruin;
disorganization;
rout.

Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled against another


ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former.

When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak,
the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and
the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.

When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting
the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of
resentment, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he
is in a position to fight, the result is ruin.

When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are
not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to
officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard
manner, the result is utter disorganization.

When a general, unable to estimate the enemys strength, allows an


inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls a weak detachment
against a powerful one, and neglects to place picked soldiers in the
front rank, the result must be rout.

You must control your Field position.It


will always strengthen your army.
You must predictthe enemy to
overpower himand win.You must
analyze the obstacles, dangers, and
distances.
Understand your field position before
you meet opponents.Then you will
succeed

ITS ALL ABOUT THE LEADER

You must advance without desiringpraise.You must


retreatwithout fearing shame.
The only correct move is topreserve your troops.This is how
youserve your country.This is how youreward your nation.
Think of yoursoldiers as little children.You can make them
follow you into a deep river.Treat them as your beloved
children.You can lead them all totheir deaths.
Some leaders are generous but cannot use their men.They
love their men but cannot command them.Their men
areunruly and disorganized.These leaders create spoiled
children.Their soldiers are useless.

31. Hence the saying: If you know the


enemy and know yourself, your victory
will not stand in doubt;
if you know Heaven and know Earth,
you may make your victory complete.

NINE GROUNDS

This section describes the nine common situations (or stages) in a


campaign, from scattering to deadly, and the specific focus that a
commander will need in order to successfully navigate them.

According to the rule of military operations, there are nine kinds of


grounds: ground of dissolution, Light ground. Ground of contention, a
trafficked ground, intersecting ground, Heavy ground, bad ground,
your ground and dying ground.

So let there be not battle on a ground of dissolution, let there be no


stopping on light ground, let there be no attack on a ground of
contention, let there be no cutting off of trafficked ground. On
intersecting ground form communications, on heavy ground plunder,
on bad ground keep going, on surrounded ground make plans, on
dying ground fight.

FIRE ATTACK

It explains the general use of weapons and the specific use of


the environment as a weapon. This section examines the five
targets for attack, the five types of environmental attack and
the appropriate responses to such attacks.

There are five kinds of fire attack: burning people, burning


supplies, burning equipment, burning storehouses, and
burning weapons.

There are appropriate times for setting fires, namely when


the weather is dry and windy. so a government should not
mobilize an army out of anger; military leaders should not
provoke war out of wrath. Act when it is beneficial.

ON THE USE OF SPIES

Focuses on the importance of developing good information sources,


and specifies the five types of intelligence sources and how to best
manage each of them.

An intelligent government and a wise military leadership to overcome


others and achieve extraordinary accomplishments is foreknowledge.
Foreknowledge must be obtained from people, people who know the
conditions of the enemy.

There are five kinds of spy: The local spy, the inside spy, the reverse
spy, the dead spy, and the living spy. When the five kinds of spies are
all active, no one knows their routes - this is called organizational
genius, and is valuable to the leadership.

So only a brilliant ruler or a wise general who can use the highly
intelligent for espionage is sure of great success. This is essential for
military operations

THANK YOU

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