Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Information Systems
Organization and
Information Systems
What is an Information
System?
Control
Control of
of System
System Performance
Performance
Input
Inputof
of
Data
Data
Resources
Resources
Processing
Processing
Data
Data
Storage
Storage of
of Data
Data Resources
Resources
Output
Outputof
of
Information
Information
Products
Products
Information Systems
Information
Information Systems
An information system depends on the :
Resources of people (end users and IS
specialists)
Hardware (machines and media)
Software (programs and procedures)
Data (data and knowledge bases)
Networks (communications media and
network support)
Components of IS
People
Components of IS
Hardware
Components of IS
Software
Data
Components of an
Information System
Organizations and
Information Systems
What is an organization?
Technical definition:
Organizations and
Information Systems
The Technical Microeconomic
Definition of the Organization
Organizations and
Information Systems
The Behavioral View of Organizations
Organizations
and Information
The Two-Way Relationship Between Organizations and
Systems
Information Technology
Organizations and
Information Systems
Features of organizations
All modern organizations share some
characteristics, such as:
Use of hierarchical structure
Accountability, authority in system of impartial
decision-making
Adherence to principle of efficiency
Other features include: Routines and business
processes and organizational politics, culture,
environments and structures
Organizations and
Information Systems
Organizational politics
Divergent viewpoints lead to political
struggle, competition, and conflict
Political resistance greatly hampers
organizational change
Organizations and
Information Systems
Organizational culture:
Encompasses set of assumptions that define
goal and product
What products the organization should produce
How and where it should be produced
For whom the products should be produced
Organizations and
Information Systems
Organizational environments:
Organizations and environments have a reciprocal
relationship
Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the
social and physical environment
Organizations can influence their environments
Environments generally change faster than
organizations
Information systems can be instrument of
environmental scanning, act as a lens
Environments shape
what organizations can
do, but organizations can
influence their
environments
and decide to change
environments altogether.
Information technology
plays a critical role in
helping
organizations perceive
environmental change
and in helping
organizations act on their
environment.
Figure 3-5
Support
Business Decision Making
Support
Business Processes and Operations
Business Operations.
From accounting to tracking
customers' orders, information
systems provide management with
support in day-to-day business
operations.
As quick response becomes more
important, the ability of information
systems to gather and integrate
information across business functions
is become crucial.
Support
Strategic Advantage.
Information systems designed around the
strategic objectives of the company help
create competitive advantages in the
marketplace.
Customers
Can customers easily switch to competitors
products? Can they force businesses to compete on
price alone in transparent marketplace?
Suppliers
Market power of suppliers when firm cannot raise
prices as fast as suppliers
Product differentiation
Enable new products or services, greatly change
customer convenience and experience
E.g. Google Map, Apple iPhone
Value web:
Network economics: