COMPUTATION for a Cause

Personal Computing

Mobile Computing

Distributed Computing

Grid Computing

Cluster Computing

Parallel Computing

Super Computing

Utility Computing

Ubiquitous Computing (Ubi-comp)

Personal Computing
Personal Computing System
Local S/W installation, maintenance
Local System maintenance
Customizable to user needs
High up-front cost
Very low utilization

Mobile Computing

Computing device used even when being mobile

Local installations, maintenance
Customizable to user expectations
Low utilization compared to High up-front cost
Range-bandwidth, health hazard, etc.

Distributed Computing

A problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one

or more computers
Computing components located on networked computers
Communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages, to
achieve a common goal

Parallel Computing
Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are
solved concurrently
High performance Computing
Multicore architecture
Communication and Synchronization between the
different subtasks !!!

Super Computing
Distributed approach: individual clients receive, complete small
tasks and a central server integrates the task-results into an overall
solution.
Cluster approach: dedicated processors in close proximity work
together
Tremendous power consumption, huge up-front cost.
Very complicated maintenance issues. . . . .

Utility Computing
Packaging of computing resources, such as computation, storage
and services, as a metered service.
Low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources;
instead, computational resources are essentially rented.
ON-DEMAND computing
Pay-per-Use

Ubiquitous Computing
Computing is made to appear everywhere in
everything
Internet Services, advanced network and middleware
Stock, weather, news reports
TV, AC, Refrigerator, Home security, etc.

Domestic, corporate, scientific, research, military, etc.

Computation
Infrastructure
Platform
Applications
Develop
Install
Operators
H/w setup & maintenance
S/w development
S/w installation & maintenance
Troubleshoot

Cloud Computing
Avail Ready-made FACILITY
Applications, Services and Infrastructure:
Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
Pay for use, as per need:
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
H/w and S/w services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and business markets
Ubiquitous: Services or data are available everywhere.
Commoditised: Result is a utility computing model, like gas and
electricity - you pay for what you would want!

Key terms of Cloud Computing

Resource sharing
Virtualization
Multi-tenancy
Service model:
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Deployment model:
Public, Private, Community, Hybrid
Cloud Computing Architecture
(Big data, Hadoop, Map-reduce)

Privacy and Security

Cloud Computing
Definition
A model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared
pool
of
configurable
computing
resources
(e.g.,
networks,
servers,
storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction

Few examples of Cloud Services

Personal Services
Email
Social Networking
Data Storage Store mp3, video, photo and documents online
instead of at personal system.
Data Sharing Google Docs, allows quicker updates and faster
project completion times
Processing Power - Amazons EC2 virtual computing environment

Enterprise Services
ERP

Why Go Cloud?

Convert expenses from Capital Expenditure to Operational

Removes the need to maintain physical hardware / resources

Allow flexibility in amount of service used without significant losses

Customizable to meet the organizational needs

80+% of business are either evaluating, planning, implementing, or

have already adopted some form of cloud strategy.

Distributed

Cloud

Resources of many
computers in a network
are used at the same
time, to solve a single
problem.

Usage of a 3rd party

service (Web Services) to
perform computing needs.

Divides the job into small

portions and executed on
multiple machines

Availing various services

without investing in the
underlying architecture

Five Key Cloud Attributes

On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Shared / pooled resources
Scalable and elastic
Metered by use

On-Demand Self-Service:

Completely automated

Real-time delivery

Services accessed through a self-serve web interface

Metered by Use:

Services are metered, like a utility

Broad Network Access:

Users pay only for services used

Open standards and APIs

Services can be cancelled at any time

Available from anywhere with an internet connection

Shared / Pooled Resources:

Resources are drawn from a common pool

Location independence

Scalable and Elastic:

Resources dynamically-allocated between users

Additional resources dynamically-released when needed

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Off-premise
Scalability
Flexible / Measured Billing
Virtualization
Universal Access
Simplified Management
Affordable Resources
Multi-tenancy
Ease of Utilization

.....
Quality of Service
Lower computation costs
Instant software updates
Latest version availability
Improved document format compatibility
Unlimited storage capacity
Increased data reliability
Easier group collaboration
Device independence

Challenges in Cloud Computing

Constant Internet connection
Does not work well with low-speed connections
Can be slow
Features might be limited
Integration & Transition
Stored data might not be secure
Stored data can be lost
Transparency

Fundamentals of Cloud

Cloud Deployment models

Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud

Public Clouds
External organizations provide the infrastructure
and management of the cloud: entirely
responsible
Billed based on usage: under-utilization is
eliminated
Data in an offsite organization, i.e. outside the
legal and regulatory umbrella
Difficult to document the physical location of data
at any particular moment

Private Clouds
Cloud is completely controlled by the enterprise
All data in resource comes under control of legal
umbrella of the organization
Require Capital Expenditure and Operational
Expenditure
Require strategy and skilled professionals

Community Clouds
Subset of public clouds that are tailored to a specific
industry
Inter-mediate state between Private and Public cloud
Shared by several organizations and supports a
specific community with common computing concerns

Hybrid Clouds
Combined approach of public and private clouds
Coordination between the private and public
service management system
Comparatively complex to manage: Still an
Emerging technology

Cloud Service Models

SPI Model
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)

Cloud Services
Software as a Services (SaaS)
Easy and immediate access to software through
the internet

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Ability to develop and test new applications

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Housing, running, and maintaining of the
operations
equipment

Software as a Services
Software offerings available to handle payroll processing,
human resource management, customer relationship
management, business partner relationship
management, and more. . . . . .
NO installation, NO maintenance
Highly multi-tenant architecture
Majorly public, but not limited to that
Usage payment, Web ads
Small companies entering and competing in market

Platform as a Services
SaaS is best, but not a Must (not always possible).
PaaS supports required service to build and run
custom applications
Development resource pool (computing platform):
OS, programing language with environment,
database, web server, security, integration
infrastructure, and other development tools

Infrastructure as a Services
Colocation

Real estate
Power
Cooling
Bandwidth

Hardware
Memory
Computation
Storage

Virtualization
Billing

Server
Storage
Connectivity