SPAN OF MANAGEMENT

Span of management refers to the

number of subordinates who can be
managed effectively by a superior . The
number of subordinates who report to
superior has two important implications :
•First: It help in determining the
complexity of individual manager job.
•Second: It determines the shape or
configuration of the organisation.
 FACTORS DETERMINING SPAN
OF MANAGEMENT
• Capacity of superior.
• Capacity of subordinates.
• Nature of work.
• Degree of decentralisation.
• Planning.
• Use of self assistant.
• Communication techniques.
 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

It is a process through which a manager

gives authority to others in order to
accomplish certain assignments. Every
manager in the organisation has some
activities assigned by superior in order to
perform these activities he needs authority
to make decision about these and to
enforce them.
FEATURES OF DELEGATION
• Delegation is the authority to a manager to
act in certain way independently
• Delegation has dual characteristics.
• Authority once delegated can be
enhanced, reduced or withdrawn
depending upon requirement.
• A manager cannot delegate authority
which he himself does not possess.
• It is an art
 FACTORS IN INADEQUATE
DELEGATION
It is the gap between the existing delegation
and its felt need.
Degree of inadequate delegation=degree of felt need for authority
-degree of delegation of authority

They are so many factors in it. These are:

• Factors in delegator.
• Factors in delegant.
• Organisational factor
 MAKING DELEGATION EFFECTIVE

Delegation is effective when adequate authority

is delegated to subordinates and they make its
proper use. Following are some important
measures which may be helpful in this direction:
• The authority and responsibility of managers
should be clearly defined.
• A manager may fail to delegate because of
feeling of insecurity in his job.
• A work climate free from fear should be
establish.
• Authority of delegation should be tied with
intelligent planning.
• The delegants should be selected in the
light of job to be done.
• For making delegation effective there
should be free and open line of
communication.
 CENTRALISATION AND
DECENTRALISATION
Centralisation is the systematic and
consistent reservation of authority at
central points within an organisation.
Decentralisation applies to the systematic
delegation of authority in an organisation.
 FACTORS DETERMINING DEGREE
OF DECENTRALISATION
• Size of organisation.
• History of organisation.
• Availability of managers.
• Pattern of planning.
• Control techniques.
• Decentralised activities.
• Rate of change in organisation.
• Environmental influence.