BACKGROUND OF

PSYCHOLOGY
PHL3B Psychology Applied to Business

There are two notable systems of Psychology, the

philosophical and the scientific.
During the ancient period towards the middle period, any
endeavour with regards to philosophy or science were
considered to be one.
It has been only at the end of the Middle Ages or Dark
Ages that a clear cut demarcation between philosophy
and science has been pronounced.

THE TWO SYSTEMS OF

PSYCHOLOGY

HOW DO WE DISTINGUISH
BETWEEN PHILOSOPHICAL
PSYCHOLOGY AND
SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY?

http://luciaventura.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/what-you-knw-vs-what-u-want-to-know.jpg

In the course of history, philosophy and science (physical

science) were separated.
While philosophy and science are both interested in knowing
the causes of things, philosophy studies the ultimate and
fundamental causes of things.
While science deals with the immediate and proximate
causes of things.
Philosophy deals with the spiritual cause of things, while
science deals with the material cause of things.
Philosophy, in its study, uses reason and observation, while
science uses experimentation.

PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC

PSYCHOLOGY

http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--g-TrO9Uv--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_636/18m8e216raesbjpg.jpg

IS PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
OPPOSED TO ONE ANOTHER?

http://videos.revision3.com/revision3/images/shows/geekbeattv/0947/geekbeattv--0947--science-vs-philosophy--large.thumb.jpg

The ancient Greeks were the first to develop a

comprehensive philosophical system.
In their investigation and philosophizing, they have
included in their questions the problem of human nature.
What is man? They asked.
Aside from the Greeks, other cultures and civilizations
were also concerned about this question of human nature.

THE PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEM OF

PSYCHOLOGY

Among the Greeks, Aristotle stood out as the most

important philosopher. His writings were so diverse
that he was able to cover a whole range of topics
such as the question on God to the question on the
world, and from the question on the material
things to the question on the intellect of man.
One of the important things that he presented is
his distinction of human nature from the other
living natures.

ARISTOTLE ON PSYCHOLOGY

Aristotle is one of the first theories and principles

of psychology.
He defined man as a rational animal,
emphasizing that part of man as being a rational
animal there are three operations of man:
vegetative, sentient, and rational.
But it must be noted that the highest and proper
operation of man for Aristotle is the rational
operation.

ARISTOTLE ON THE HUMAN SOUL

ARISTOTLE ON THE THREE TYPES OF

SOULS
http://gakuran.com/eng/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/aristotle-ergon.jpg

Succeeding philosophers also made some

contributions to philosophy, but their interests
were greatly on philosophy.
During the 17th century, the French philosopher
Rene Descartes, described the relation between
the body and the mind as one of interaction.
During that same period, Thomas Hobbes declared
that all our ideas came from sensory experience.
John Locke declared that the mind at birth is a
tabula rasa or a blank slate.

PSYCHOLOGY AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/johnlockefenelon-120817223022-phpapp01/95/johnlocke-fenelon-3-728.jpg?
cb=1345260734

http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~psycho/wundt/toes/group03.jpg

WILHELM WUNDT: THE FATHER OF

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Today, the word psychology, or modern psychology commonly refers

to experimental psychology.
Experimental psychology is known to have started in Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt, with the opening of his laboratory in Leipzig in 1879,
is considered as the father of experimental psychology.
A few years later after the opening of the first laboratory in Leipzig,
psychological laboratories in the United States were also opened.
Experimental psychology is now a very advanced science that
covers a very wide field of study.
It is now applied to every aspect of life which touches on human
nature and behaviour including the world of business.

WILHELM WUNDT: THE FATHER OF

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (CONT.)