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CRITICAL AGENDA PROJECT

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROGRAMME KTP


MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
PROGRAMME
to
INDUSTRY & COMMUNITY
KTP GRANT SCHEME THIRD ROLLING PLAN
(2013-2014)

Prepared By:
Knowledge Transfer Programme Committee
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

CONTENT
1.

Overview

2.

Policy

3.

Key Result Area (KRA)

4.

Model of Implementation

5.

Implementation Plan

6.

Impact Measurement

7.

Examples Impact of KTP

8.

Roll-Out Plan (2013 2014)

9.

KTP ADMINISTRATION @ IPTA

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

OVERVIEW

In a high income economy the demand for knowledge workers will


increase.
Educational reforms will be a vital need for inclusive growth.
Human capital policies must be given top priority, as they will be
crucial in making more rapid inroads towards reducing income
inequality.
Labour market imperfections, including wage and employment
discrimination, will have to be rectified.
Fragmented and segmented labour markets must be made more
integrated. (NEM 92)

While innovative ideas and knowledge may be converted into


lucrative commercial undertakings, there would also be many
incidences of failure which need to be managed. Above all,
intellectual property rights (IPR) and other rights should be
protected. (NEM 99)

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

OVERVIEW (CONTD)

MoHE planned to formulate a new policy of KTP by establishing a


New CAP for PSPTN
The new CAP would outline the importance of KTP to be adopted by
HEIs in particular the Public Universities.

Requirements
How Malaysian HEIs can assist in delivering and transferring knowledge
created in their institutions to the industry and or community.
Differentiation need to be made as not to overlap with other CAPs
which can also contain elements of KT such as commercialisation,
entrepreneurship and employability CAPs.
The knowledge to be transferred need to be based on certain
fundamentals which need to be determined.

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

OVERVIEW (CONTD)
THE WORKSHOP

The initial meeting on KTP with the Minister of Higher


Education was held on 11 November 2010 and the Minister has
decided that the needs of the workshops on KTP to be held in
order to outlined the goals, scopes, directions and the
guidelines for the implementation programme of KTP.
1st Workshop 29-30 November 2010 (Concorde Inn, KLIA)
2nd Workshop 26-27 January 2011 (Marriott Hotel
Putrajaya)

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

OVERVIEW (CONTD)
KTP LAUNCHING CEREMONY

The Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP was officially


launched by the Minister of Higher Education, Dato Seri
Mohamed Khaled Nordin on 26 June 2012 at KLIA Pan Pacific
Hotel. In the same ceremony, Mohamed Khaled also launched
the book and logo of KTP, and presented a mock cheque to 15
IPTAs for the Second Rolling Plan Grant and Flagship Project
Industry Grant to 20 IPTAs involved.

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

POLICY

KTP Policy Outline


Background of KTP
Objective of KTP
Current status of KTP of IPTA in Malaysia
Issues and Challenges
Rationale of the Policy
SWOT Analysis
Strategic Thrusts of the Policy
Strategic Objective 1: Enhance and Enrich Current Knowledge
Transfer in IPTA
Strategic Objective 2: KTP as Catalyst for Community or Industry
Growth
Framework of the Policy
Roll-out, Milestone and Achievements

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

BACKGROUND OF KTP

KTP recognises a broad range of activities to support mutually


beneficial collaborations between universities, industries and
communities (government agencies / non-government
organisations (NGOs) / public sector).

It provides the platform for the exchange of tangible and


intangible intellectual property, expertise, learning and skills
between academia, industry and the community.

The forms of interactions may include, consultancy, education,


training, graduate development, conferences, sharing of
physical facilities and student placements.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

BACKGROUND OF KTP (CONTD)

Public Higher Education Institutions (IPTAs) should effectively


engage with industry and community towards mutually beneficial
initiatives through role played by:

Academia: able to incorporate relevant and up to date knowledge


from industry and the community into their teaching, learning and
consultancy activities.

Industry : can utilize the resources of IPTAs to enhance their


business capability and economic activities

Community: can benefit from the knowledge generated in IPTAs


to improve quality of life within the community.

Graduate/Postgraduate Intern : enhance their personal and


professional development

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

OBJECTIVE OF KTP
To recognize and promote the transfer of knowledge
via the exchange of creative and innovative ideas,
research findings, experiences and skills between
IPTA, industries, government agencies and the wider
community.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

GOAL OF KTP
To enable the development and improvement of the
quality of products, services and policies to be
shared for mutual benefits between the stakeholders
i.e. academia, industry, community and the
graduate/postgraduate intern.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

CURRENT STATUS OF KTP OF IPTA IN MALAYSIA


IPTA do implement KTP, however they are not
comprehensive.
The practices and approach vary amongst the IPTAs.
Poor correlation between investment in time and
resources versus the impact currently produced.
Thus there is a need for a structured and systematic
national KTP framework.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Issues

Mismatch between the needs of the industry and the available


resources in IPTAs.
Communication problems among stake holders.
Lack of access to information among parties involved.

Challenges

Insufficient expertise in IPTAs in some sectors.


Convincing the industry that grades is not the only factor for
internship eligibility.
Industry perception of subsidised rate for consultancy work by
IPTAs.
Lack of laboratory certification of IPTAs.
Lack of readiness and willingness of industry/IPTA to share their
expertise and facilities.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

RATIONALE OF THE POLICY

To encourage and recognise engagement between


industry/community and academia in order to support the
implementation of the New Economic Model (NEM) in creating a
knowledgeable and high income nation.

To provide a meaningful platform of exchange that facilitates the


identification and matching of appropriate expertise in IPTA to
address industry and community needs.

To optimize the potential of IPTA expertise through coordinated


interactions with stakeholders.

To nurture the interactions between the stakeholders for


sustainable and productive partnerships.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
Expertise and Capacity of academicians and nonacademicians in the University
University as a pool of innovative ideas
Abundance of volunteerism among university students
and staff
The autonomy to engage the community
Long and proven track records in community engagement
and services

WEAKNESSES
Lack of formalisation of partnership and commitment
from the experts in the University
Measurement of impact of social innovation projects
especially the intangibles
Documentation of all KTP projects
Wide and varying definitions of the scope of the
knowledge transfer
No clear connection with the target groups
Level of rewards and recognition varies between
universities
Lack of governance and leadership at University level in
support of KTP in community engagement
Varying ecosystems within individual universities

OPPORTUNITIES
Potential to enhance & enrich current knowledge
through KTP initiatives exist
The need to preserve good and noble values and passion
in existing initiatives
Enhancing meaningful community services in community
engagement
Paradigm shift from current service-oriented to
scholarly-oriented community project.
Empowerment and capacity building of the recipient
groups
Possible partnership with more focused NGOs
Reciprocity of knowledge transfer and exchange

THREATS
No clear policy in existence to support KTP in community
Reluctance of the academic staff to engage in the
knowledge transfer
Lack of commitment and support by certain industryies
on community engagement

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

STRATEGIC THRUSTS OF THE POLICY


Enriching the quality of human capital in IPTA,
industries and communities via knowledge transfer
including teaching, learning and services.
Strengthening the accessibility of knowledge transfer
from IPTAs to spur industry growth, community
development and quality of life.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: ENHANCE & ENRICH CURRENT


KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN IPTA

Through

Identifying and implementing potential project,

Strengthening both curriculum and co-curriculum in IPTA based


on industry and community,

Building capacity of academic and student in IPTA,

Integrating KTP initiatives of IPTA into academic programmes


of other related institution of learning,

Shifting the current service-oriented to scholarly-oriented


community projects with outcomes to the target group.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: KTP AS CATALYST FOR


COMMUNITY OR INDUSTRY GROWTH
Through :

Implementing meaningful projects with industry or community


which are sustainable and have measurable outcome,

Empowerment and capacity building of the recipient industry


or groups.

Strategic partnership with stakeholders, and

Reciprocity of knowledge transfer initiatives between


stakeholders.

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

FRAMEWORK OF THE POLICY

Establish partnership framework

Criteria for selection of projects


The organization must have a specific business need which will be
enhanced through the KTP
IPTA must have competency to meet the organization's business
need

Establish KTP programme committee

Establish permanent secretariat for KTP at USM

Briefing and buy-in by stake holders

National roll-out for KTP projects

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

ROLL-OUT, MILESTONE AND ACHIEVEMENTS


Action

Timeline

Responsibility

Establish partnership framework

Jan 2011

USM & MoHE

Criteria for selection of projects

Jan 2011

USM & MoHE

Establish KTP programme committee

Mac 2011

USM & MoHE

Establish permanent secretariat for Mac 2011


KTP at USM

USM & MoHE

Briefing and buy-in by stake holders

USM & IPTA

National
projects

First

Rolling

Plan

Mac 2011

KTP Mei 2011

IPTA

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

ROLL-OUT, MILESTONE AND ACHIEVEMENTS (CONTD)


Action
Timeline
Periodic Report of KTP Projects by
Project Leader
Dec 2011
Roadshow for Second Rolling Plan
Dec 2011
Periodic Report of KTP Projects by
Project Leader and Partner
Mac 2012
National
Projects

Second

KTP Launching

Rolling

Plan

KTP Mac 2012


June 2012

Responsibility
IPTA,USM
& MoHE
Roadshow
Committee &
IPTA
IPTA,USM
& MoHE
IPTA,USM
& MoHE
IPTA,USM
& MoHE

POLICY

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

KEY RESULT AREA (KRA)


The 5 KRAs identified are in the fields of:

EDU

Education raising level of education in certain areas

ECO

Economic gains for sector/s of industry in identified sector

GT

Sustainability and Green Technology Initiatives

DG

The Disadvantaged groups

IRC

Developing Industry Relevant curriculum (For High Impact


sector)

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

MODELS OF IMPLEMENTATION
o KTP Programme shall include the involvement of the following :

KPI
MEASUREMENT

KTP
KTP
ACADEMI
ACADEMI
A
A
KTP
KTP
INTERN
INTERN
KTP
KTP
INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY //
COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY

Lecturer or university's staff identified in the KTP Programme


Graduated Interns and Post Graduate Interns
Identified by KTP-IPTA

o The project = the identified KTP Programme per location/firm/


community/target group.
o Project may be replicated to other identified KTP Project of similar
nature but different location/firm/community/target group.
o The KTP project committee is allowed to vary the provisions of the
financial limit after considerations of nature of projects.

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

MODEL OF IMPLEMENTATION (CONTD)


Academia
Academia

Graduate
Graduate/ /
Postgraduate
Postgraduate
Intern
Intern

STRATEGIC
INNOVATIO
N
Community/
Community/
Industry
Industry

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The projects for the third phase of the 10th Malaysian Plan would be
roll-out based on the following details with the cost breakdown for
the implementation plans is as follows:

DURATION

IPTAs
INVOLVED

COST PER PROJECT (RM)

2 years
(2013-2014)

20

Salary or subsistence of the KTP Intern


The overhead and administrative of
project
Costs of the Interns training and
development
Administrative support

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

IMPACT MEASUREMENT
KRA will be determined by MoHE
Impact measurement to be approved by KTP Project Committee
Impact measurement every three months through Periodic
Progress Report of Project Leader
every six months through Periodic
Progress Report of partner (industry /
community)

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

EXAMPLE: IMPACT of KTP


KRA

Impact Measurement

Proxy Indicator
(Intermediate
Measurement)

Education raising level of


education in certain areas

% improvement in public
examination identified

Progress in school based


assessment

Economic gains for sector/s of


industry in identified sector

% of increase of profit or income


generated

3 month cash flow average - or


Financial ratios

Sustainability and Green


Technology Initiatives

% of increase of profit or income


generated

Measurement related to the


technology infused - e.g.
reduction in energy bill

The Disadvantaged groups

% of increase in annual income


for target groups

Periodical reports attest by social


department

Developing Industry Relevant


curriculum (For High Impact
sector)

Acceptance of curriculum by
industry and applied by Education
institutions

Progress reporting

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

ROLL-OUT PLAN (2013-2014)

Request for proposal from IPTA (Bottom Up)


Differentiation between industry and community
Criteria for application (Definition of the grant)
Criteria for evaluation (Review)
Procedure for application and evaluation
Monitoring and disbursement of KTP

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Request for Proposal from IPTA (Bottom Up)


Individual or a group of academicians
Supporting collaborative industry documentation (current
agreement, MoA, Letter of Intent, Letter of Agreement,
Letter of Award)
Supporting collaborative community documentation
(current letter of request from community)
Proof of graduate intern involvement

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Differentiation between Industry and Community


Definition of community and industry
Timelines
Tangible versus intangible output
Commercialisation and non-commercialisation project
Profit and non-profit
Contribution from industry and or community in monetary
and non-monetary forms

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Criteria for Application (Definition of the Grant)


Grant will not be disbursed if applicant have other similar
grant(s) including research
Basic criteria's for application for FRGS would be used.
(Graduate Intern replace Human Capital)
Timeline will not more than 2 years. Minimum 1 year.

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Criteria for Evaluation (Review)

Based on 5 KRAs mentioned earlier

Output

Impact

Viability and sustainability

Capacity building

Improved products, services and policies

Level of commitment from industry/community

Minimum of 30% project cost from industry

For community, commitment from community leader, relevant


government agencies and other institutions (including non-monetary
contribution)

Potential for advancement

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

GENERAL COMMENTS of EVALUATION PANELS (2012 proposals)


Project is more on research-based and consultancies-driven.
The Knowledge Transfer-driven is low and not justified
The objective is not in line with the KTP requirement
The output/impact is not quantified
Incomplete information of intern(s) (No academic
qualification & year of graduation and no signature)
There is no evidence of industry commitment. No supporting
document from the commitment partner (outdated
document)
Financial commitment of industry partner is not stated.

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Procedures Related to Application and Evaluation

Concept of KTP
Definition of KTP grant
Purpose of KTP grant
KRA of KTP
Condition for application
Procedure of application
Evaluation criteria
Financial and budgetary
consideration
Output of project (No. involved)
Outcome/impact of project
(benefit)
Announcement date of opening
and closing

Roadshow
Evaluation
Result and disbursement of grant
Monitoring
Other matters
KTP
KTP INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES 2.0
2.0 VERSION
VERSION

KTP
KTP INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY APPLICATION
APPLICATION FORM
FORM 2.0
2.0 VERSIO
VERSIO
N
N
KTP
KTP FLAGSHIP
FLAGSHIP INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY APPLICATION
APPLICATION FORM
FORM 22
.0
.0 VERSION
VERSION
KTP
KTP COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES 2.0
2.0 VERSION
VERSION
KTP
KTP COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY APPLICATION
APPLICATION FORM
FORM 2.0
2.0 VERS
VERS
ION
ION
KTP
KTP FLAGSHIP
FLAGSHIP COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY APPLICATION
APPLICATION FORM
FORM
2.0
2.0 VERSION
VERSION

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Monitoring and Disbursement of KTP

Monitoring based on:


Project performance
Financial performance
Quarterly progress report

Disbursement based on:


Letter of Acceptance and agreement signed and disbursed fully
(depending financially)

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

TOTAL NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS in 2011 (First


Rolling Plan)
INDUSTRY- 95

COMMUNITY - 230

Total of Application = 325

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

NO.

SUMMARY By KRAs (First Rolling Plan)


KRA

INDUSTRY

COMMUNITY

1.

Education Raising level of education


in certain areas.

14

118

2.

Economic gains for sectors of industry/

52

54

23

34

community in identified sectors


3.

Sustainability and Green Technology


Initiatives

4.

The Disadvantages Groups

20

5.

Developing Industry Relevant


Curriculum (for High Impact Sector)

95

230

TOTAL

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

PROJECTS SELECTED (First Rolling Plan)

COMMUNITY - 16

INDUSTRY- 28

Total of Project = 44

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

NO.

2011 SUCCESSFUL KTP INDUSTRY PROJECTS BASED on


KRAs
KRA

TOTAL

1.

Education
-Raising level of education in certain
areas

2.

Economic gains for sectors of industry


in identified sector

12

3.

Sustainability and Green


technology Initiatives

11

4.

The Disadvantaged Groups

5.

Developing Industry Relevant


Curriculum (for High Impact sector)

TOTAL

28

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

NO.

2011 SUCCESSFUL KTP COMMUNITY PROJECTS BASED on


KRAs
KRA

TOTAL

1.

Education
-Raising level of education in certain
areas

2.

Economic gains for sectors of


community in identified sector

3.

Sustainability and Green


technology Initiatives

4.

The Disadvantaged Groups

5.

Developing Community Relevant


Curriculum (for High Impact sector)

TOTAL

16

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

TOTAL NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS in 2012 (Second


Rolling Plan)
INDUSTRY- 152

COMMUNITY - 238

Total of Application = 390

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

SUMMARY By KRAs (Second Rolling Plan)

NO.

KRA

INDUSTRY

COMMUNITY

1.

Education Raising level of education


in certain areas.

33

2.

Economic gains for sectors of


industry/
community in identified sectors

95

42

3.

Sustainability and Green Technology


Initiatives

126

4.

The Disadvantages Groups

40

36

5.

Developing Industry Relevant


Curriculum (for High Impact Sector)

10

152

238

TOTAL

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

PROJECTS SELECTED (Second Rolling Plan)

FLAGSHIP - 20

COMMUNITY - 28

INDUSTRY- 44

Total of Project = 92

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

NO.
1.

2.

3.

2012 SUCCESSFUL KTP INDUSTRY PROJECTS BASED on


KRAs
KRA

Education
-Raising level of education
in certain areas
Economic gains for
sectors of industry in
identified sector
Sustainability and Green
technology Initiatives

4.

The Disadvantaged
Groups

5.

Developing Industry
Relevant Curriculum (for
High Impact sector)
TOTAL

PROJECT

FLAGSHIP

24

11

15

44

20

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

NO.
1.

2.

2012 SUCCESSFUL KTP COMMUNITY PROJECTS BASED


on KRAs
KRA
Education
-Raising level of education in certain
areas

PROJECT
16

Economic gains for sectors of


community in identified sector

Sustainability and Green


technology Initiatives

4.

The Disadvantaged Groups

5.

Developing Community Relevant


Curriculum (for High Impact sector)

3.

TOTAL

28

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

THIRD ROLLING PLAN FOR YEAR 2013

Application Opening Date

1 NOVEMBER 2012

Application MUST reach PTJ

depends on PTJ

Application MUST reach KTP Sect

7 DECEMBER 2012

Application Evaluation
& Selection Period

26-28 DECEMBER 2012

Interview and Presentation


Session

14 JANUARY 2013

Announcement of
successful applications:

21 JANUARY 2013

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

SOME GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THIRD


ROLLING PLAN

Grants of up to RM200k per project in 2013


MoHE has allocated : RM11 million ~ 55 projects
(bottom up)
: RM6 million ~ 30 projects
(top down)
Ratio of industry: community projects ~ 70:30
No research component, only established knowledge
transferred to the industry/community
Need at least one Graduate Intern as the transferor
POLICY

Bottom Up
38 projects for Industry RM7.6 million
17 projects for Community RM3.4 million
Top Down
21 Flagship projects for Industry RM4.2 million
9 Flagship projects for Community RM1.8 million

Participation/Involvement of Academia from other


HEIs
1. Polytechnics/College Communities
2. IPTS

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

KTP ADMINISTRATION @ IPTA


Chairperson:
Contact person:

Knowledge Transfer Programme - KTP


KTP Grant Scheme Third Rolling Plan (2013)

Thank

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROGRAMME


KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL

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