ENTHALPY

OBJECTIVES

Exothermic changes cause heat to be

released to the surroundings

Endothermic changes cause absorption of

heat from the surroundings.

A potential energy diagram can be used to

show the energy pathway for a reaction.

The enthalpy change is the energy

difference between products and reactants.

Enthalpy
Diagrams
Exothermic reactions
energy

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

products

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Exothermic reactions
energy

reactants

energy given out

H is negative

products

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Endothermic reactions
energy

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Endothermic reactions
energy

reactants

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Endothermic reactions
energy

products

reactants

course of reaction

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Endothermic reactions
energy

products

reactants

energy taken in
H is positive

course of reaction

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to Energy is taken in

from the
the surroundings
surroundings

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to Energy is taken in

from the
the surroundings
surroundings
H is negative
H is positive

Summary Table
Exothermic
reactions

Endothermic
reactions

Energy is given out to

the surroundings

Energy is taken in
from the surroundings

H is negative

H is positive

Products have less

Products have more
energy than reactants energy than reactants


H
How much energy is given out or taken in?
Energy is needed to break chemical bonds
Energy is given out when bonds are made
H is the difference between the energy
needed to break the bonds in the reactants,
and the energy given out when new bonds are
made in the products

Energy absorbed to break bonds

O
H

Energy released when new bonds are made

Overall energy change

Energy released on making new bonds

Energy taken in to break old bonds

Energy
Level
Diagrams
Exothermic reactions
energy

methane + oxygen

carbon dioxide + water

course of reaction

Test tube

Reaction mixture

EXOTHERMIC

Heat given out to

surroundings

ENDOTHERMIC

Heat taken in from

surroundings

TASK

Draw energy level diagrams for the

following reactions:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Calcium with sulphuric acid
3. Dissolving ammonium nitrate