Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MAHAVIR SINGH
M.Tech. (Applied Geophysics)-III, IIT Roorkee
Email: mstomar84@gmail.com
Production Optimization
Overview
Introduction
Major challenges
Productive formation
Reservoir Drives
- EOR Techniques
-
Optimal Management
Conclusion
Introduction
Production mangers always try to enhance their asset;
In short term, they must increase:
hydrocarbon delivery and
reduce operation costs
In long term, they must increase
reservoir recovery factor
decrease capital expenditure
maximize production
to improve well performance
Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR)
increase Net Present Value (NPV)
equipment failure
wellbore problem
saltwater disposal
reduction in permeability
pressure gradient
structural uncertainty in subsurface
oil migration (seepage or leakage)
Productive Formations
The earth's crust is composed of :
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
Oil and Gas are found in all three kinds of rock,
most closely they are associated with sedimentary rocks;
Sedimentary materials can be classified as
rocks (sandstone, shale)
carbonates (lime stones)
dolomites ( Mg(CO3)2 )
Anticline
oil
water
water
Impermeable basement
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/U4735/projections/pitman/37.trap.mig.jpg
Reservoir Drives
What creates the driving force that moves the fluids in the
rock to the wellbore?
-
pressure difference
water drive
gas cap drive
gravity drive
Gravity drive:
gas, oil, and water tend to divide themselves in reservoirs
according to their densities;
Source: Forest Gray
Displacing agents*
water flooding and
*
Gas (CO2, N2 , or natural gas) injection
Water-flooding
The following consideration is taken into account while
determining if a reservoir is suited for water-flooding or not:
Reservoir geometry
Lithology
Reservoir Depth
Porosity
Permeability
Continuity of rock properties
Magnitude and Distribution of fluid saturations
Relation in fluid properties and relative permeability
CO2 Injection
-
Source: http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/climate_change/images/eor.jpg
Source: www.d-n-i.netfcspdfhirsch_houston_aspo.pdf
Source: www.d-n-i.netfcspdfhirsch_houston_aspo.pdf
Optimal Management
-
Communication systems
Uncertainty mapping
Downhole monitoring
http://www.bakerhughes.com/investor/resources/pdf/po_analyst.pdf
http://www.bakerhughes.com/investor/resources/pdf/po_analyst.pdf
Conclusion
A multi-disciplinary team approach has been used to implement the process
of production optimization using
Internet computer network
communication links
timely team meetings
corporate database
optimizing the flow and quality of technical data
information to improve performance
Broad and effective portfolio of optimization solutions needs to:
Accelerate production
Increase recovery factors
Reduce operation costs
The manual production optimization approaches are both time consuming
error prone due to the complexity and large volume of data that have to be
considered
Cont
Optimization techniques can :
maximize the production
improve well performance
reducing operation cost
enhance oil recovery
help to achieve ultimate goal
(i.e. increasing the asset)
Tertiary or EOR techniques can increases the oil recovery by
30 to 60% as compared with primary of 10% and secondary
recovery of 20 to 40%.
CO2 injection is an efficient EOR technique which accounts for
nearly 50% recovery