Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Production scheduling
Demand forecasting
Market research
Economic analysis of the industry
Investment appraisal
Goods:
Goods and services have to be produced
with the help of factors of production. So
production is another important branch of
economics.
Goods produced by one are exchanged
for the goods produced by the other. So
exchange forms another important branch
of economics. Goods and services are
produced with efforts
Utility:
It is the want satisfying power of a
Commodity or a service, which
determines the demand for
commodity. Jevons called this as
Utility
MUx = Dux
Dqx
Number of Products
Marginal Utility
Total Utility
20
20
16
36
12
48
56
60
60
-4
56
Demand ;
15
50
20
40
25
30
30
15
35
10
Demand Curve:
Elasticity of Demand:
E = Relative change in
quantity
Relative change in
price
Price
M
M1
1. Nature of Commodity
2. Uses of Commodity
3. Existence of Substitutes
4. Postponement of Demand
6. Habits
17
Supply:
Price in Rs.
40
50
60
70
90
2. Supply Curve:
Perfect Competition:
24
Monopoly:
Technical Decision:
Project Eligibility
Technical Requirements
Energy Audit
Types of Financing
The three types of financial
management decisions are capital
budgeting, capital structure, and
working capital.
Analysis of Financial
Statement
Financial statement analysis is
defined as the process of identifying
financial strengths and weaknesses
of the firm by properly establishing
relationship between the items of the
balance sheet and the profit and loss
account.
Types of Costing:
Some 8 types of costing 1. Real cost
of Production 2. Opportunity Cost or
Production Cost 3. Past Cost or Future
Cost 4. Pocket Cost or Book Cost 5.
Incremental Cost and Sunk Cost 6.
Shut Down Cost and Abandonment
Cost 7. Replacement Cost and
Historical Cost 8. Private and Social
Cost 9. Short run and Long run cost.
Fixed Cost:
A cost that remains constant,
regardless of any change in a
company's activity.
A good example is a lease payment.
If you are leasing a building at
$2,000 per month, then you will pay
that amount each month, no matter
howwell orhow poorlythe business
is doing.
Variable Cost:
Marginal Cost:
Cost output relationship in short and
long run:
Pricing Practice;
Full Cost pricing and Marginal Cost
Pricing;
Bid Pricing:
A bid price is the highest price that a
buyer (i.e., bidder) is willing to pay
for a good. It is usually referred to
simply as the "bid."
Capital Budgeting
Feasibility Reports:(conveniently/perfectly)
Appraisal Process:
The first step in the process of
performance appraisal is the setting
up of the standards which will be
used to as the base to compare the
actual performance of the
employees.