valves

Presented by
D.NAGABABU(GET-PP)

What is Valve?

Is a piece of mechanism ,the function of which is to

check or control the flow of a fluid through a passage.

Operated by pressure of the fluid or by hand or by some

external mechanism.

Valves can be specially made to work at high or low

temperatures (cryogenic), or to very high standards for
use in explosive atmospheres, or when no leakage is
permissible.

functions
Isolation
Regulation
Non-return
Special

purpose

Valve salient points

1.

"ON/OFF": Stopping or starting flow.

2. "Regulating": Varying the flow rate
of flow
3."Checking": Permitting flow in one
direction.
4."Switching": Switching flow along
different routes.
5. "Discharging": Discharging fluid
from a system.

isolation
Gate
Ball
Plug

valves

valves
valves

Piston

valves

Diaphragm
Butterfly
pinch

valves

valves

Regulation
Globe

valves
Needle
Butterfly
Diaphragm
Piston
Pinch

Non return valves

Check

valves

Special purpose
Multiport
Flush

bottom

Float
Foot
Pressure

relief
Breather valves

Material of construction available

Cast

iron
Bronze
Gun metal
Carbon steel
Stainless steel
Alloy carbon steel
Special alloys

Design Features
Internal

Sealing Systems And

Materials,
Body/Housing Materials,
made of mild or alloy steel. Brass
valves are used for water (as well as cast
iron, steel and other alloys).
Stainless steel is used for acids and other
corrosive liquids. Bronze is also a commonly
used material which can cope with most
liquids.

External

Sealing Systems And

Materials ,
Actuation of Valves
Standards of Manufacture

British Standards BS;

German Standards DIN;
US Standards ANSI
American Petroleum
Institution

Steps in selection of valves

What

is to be
handled
Liquid
gas
or power

Consider

nature of the fluid

Is substantial neutral or non corrosive
To be performed by valve
On/off , regulating for control or dosing
Material of construction
Disc type
Stem type
Means of operating the stem operator
Bonnet type
Body ends flanged ,welding etc
Delivery time
Price

Gate Valve: Used for shut off - ON/OFF

function.
Ball/Plug Valves: Used for shut off - ON/OFF
function
Globe Valves: Used for control of flow and shut
off.
Butterfly Valves: Used for control of flow and
shut off.
Relief Valves: Spring loaded to open at a given
pressure, and used to protect systems from
over-pressure.
.

Check

Valves: To allow flow in one direction

only.
Fusible Link Valves/Piston Operated Valves:
Quick acting and used for emergency shut off.
Twin Sea valves: Used when tight shut off
required.
Semi-Needle Valves: Used in conjunction
instruments to bleed off part of the flow.
Ball Check Valves: Used with gauge glasses as
safety precaution

Valves are used in both domestic and

industrial situations to control the flow of
liquids, solids and gases.
In general, valves are used for one or more
of three main purposes:
1. To control the rate of flow (throttle);
2. To shut off/permit flow (ON/OFF
function);
3. To isolate systems and protect products.

Valve Actuators

Manual actuators

Electric motor actuators

Pneumatic actuators

Hydraulic

Solenoid actuators

Pneumatic actuators use air pressure on either

one or both sides of a diaphragm to provide the
force to position the valve.

Hydraulic actuators use a pressurized liquid on

one or both sides of a piston to provide the force
required to position the valve.

Solenoid actuators have a magnetic slug

attached to the valve stem. The force to position
the valve comes from the magnetic attraction
between the slug on the valve stem and the coil
of the electromagnet in the valve actuator.

Ball valve
Purpose:

Ball and plug valves are

used to provide a quick, simple
shut-off.

They

are operated by turning the

ball or plug through 90.

Ball

and plug valves should not be

used for throttling, as a restriction
in the flow will lead to erosion of
the valve.

Gate valve
are

generally used in systems where

low flow resistance for a fully open
valve is desired and there is no need
to throttle the flow.

Globe valves
used

in systems where good

throttling characteristics and
low seat leakage are desired
and a relatively high head loss
in an open valve is acceptable.

Plug valves

Plug valves are often used to direct flow between several

different ports through use of a single valve.

Twin-Seal Valves
Purpose:

Twin-seal valves may be

used when an extra tight shut-off is
required.

They

are basically plug valves, but

have an additional action which forces
sealing segments against the inlet and
outlet ports providing a positive seal.

Check valves
A

valve that is designed to

allow the fluid to flow in a
given direction but closes
to prevent back flow.

Types
include

swing check, tilting-disc

check, and wafer check, non slam
(piston type).

Check valves(also called non-return

valves) are usually self-acting.

Lift Check Valve with PistonType Disc, Oblique Pattern.

Lift Check Valve with Ball-Type Disc, Standard Pattern

Swing Check Valve.

Diaphragm
valves
and pinch valves are used in

systems where it is desirable for

the entire operating mechanism to
be completely isolated from the
fluid.
may be used for slurries

Butterfly valves
provide

significant advantages
over other valve designs in
weight, space, and cost for
large valve applications.

A stop check valve is a

combination of a lift check valve
and a globe valve and incorporates
the characteristics of both.

Safety/relief valves are used to

provide automatic
overpressurization protection for a
system.

Quick Closing Valves

Quick closing valves can be installed in pipelines and systems
to isolate sections in case of fire, leakage or other
emergencies.
A spring is usually used to operate the valve and can be
released by a number of methods:
Fire melts fusible link;
Remote manual cable;
Air operated actuating cylinder;
Electrical solenoid, etc.

Pressure reducing valve.

A self-operating valve used to

reduce any excess pressure in a
system, for example steam. Also
known as a PRV.

The valve opens if the internal

pressure exceeds that holding
the closing element onto the
seat

Relief Valves
Purpose: Relief valves are used to protect systems
from over-pressure or to control processes by
allowing flow to commence when a certain
pressure has been reached.

Bypass valve.

valve smaller in diameter

that is fitted in parallel to a
larger main valve.
Bypass valves are used to
reduce the differential
pressure across the main
valve

Control valve.
A

valve that regulates the flow

or pressure of a fluid.

Control

valves normally
respond to signals generated by
independent devices such as
flow meters or temperature
gauges.

Types of control valves

pressure:

regulate the pressure.

Direction:

control direction flow

of fluid to the actuator in the
hydraulic circuit.

Function:

Either starts or stops

the flow of fluid

Cryogenic valves
Valves suited for use at
temperatures below 45degrees
Celsius.

cryogenic valve should have a

cold box as an integral part of the
body to allow a vapour barrier to
form between the packing box
and the liquefied gas.

Float valve.
A

valve that
automatically opens or
closes as the level of a
liquid changes.

The

valve is operated

Manual valve.
A

valve that is worked by

manual operation, such as a
hand wheel or a lever.

These

valves are generally

used for on-off service.

Tank

valve. A valve arranged for

fitting at the bottom of a tank or
process vessel.

Three-way

valve. A diverter type

valve that has three ports and
allows the flow path of the process
fluid to be switched, or two different
flow paths to be combined.

Design parameters
Design

pressure. The pressure used during

the design of a piping system, and defines
the criteria for pipe wall thickness, fittings,
flanges, valves, bolt torque, and threads.

Design

temperature. The temperature

used during the design of a pipingsystem,
and defines the criteria for pipe wall
thickness, fittings, flanges,valves, bolt
torque, and threads.

Operating medium. The power

supply used to operate an
actuator: can be pneumatic,
hydraulic, or electric.
Operating pressure. The
pressure at which a valve
usually operates under normal
conditions. This is lower than the
design pressure.
Operating temperature. The

Hydrostatic test.
A

test using water under

pressure to detect any leaks
through the body, sealing joints,
or closure element.

Generally

this test pressure is

1.5 times the design pressure at
ambient temperature

QUERIES??

Thank
you