DSL TECHNOLOGIES

RTTC,HYDERBAD

Different technologies
NarrowBand
2.4 kbps 128kbps

Broadband
256kbps 8000kbps

LAN
1000kbps 100Mbps / Giga Ethernet
Apr 4, 2015

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR

BROADBAND SERVICES
Broadband Technologies
Wireless

Wireline

3G Mobile

DSL (Digital Subs Line)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Cable Modem

WiMAX

Optical Fibre Technologies

LMDS & MMDS

PLC (Power Line

Communication)

FSO (Free Space Optics)

Satellite
Apr 4, 2015

Advantages and Disadvantages of ADSL

Advantages
Always on
No usage charge
Inexpensive
Fast
No engineer install
Easy to set up
Wider coverage as
almost every house has
a copper pair!
Can use telephone at
the same time as being
online
Minimum 3 month
contract with some
providers
Wide choice of
products within the
ADSL portfolio
Easy to migrate

Apr 4, 2015

Disadvantages
Must have a
BSNLtelephone line to
use ADSL (At the
moment!)
Not suitable for
servers
Contention issues
Distance limits
Local exchange must
be ADSL enabled
DACS can cause
problems
Alarms that contact
authorities via phone
line can be
problematic with an
ADSL installation

Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on

copper loop
DSL has proved to be an important
technology for provisioning of Broadband
services through the copper loop. The
owners of copper loop have to be given a
high priority because their role is critical as
key drivers in the Broadband service market
using DSL.
BSNL and MTNL as well as other access
providers are expected to aggressively use
their copper loop infrastructure for providing
Broadband services through this technology

Apr 4, 2015

WHAT IS DSL

DSL provides dedicated bandwidth that can be

up to 278 times faster than a 28.8 Kbps modem,
143 times faster than 56Kbps modem, 62 times
faster than ISDN and up to 4 times faster than a
E1 (T1) connection.
That's really fast!
Even better, DSL uses your ordinary phone line
but doesn't tie it up -- you can access the Internet
while
you are using the same line for
conversation or faxing.
In addition, you stay connected -- there's no
dialing up or waiting for busy signals.

Apr 4, 2015

DSL Technology

DSL may offer more than 100 times the

network performance of a traditional analog
modem
DSL uses the same telephone line as
traditional modem
DSL remains always-on all the time
Customer no longer need to physically dial up
to the ISP to log in to the internet

Apr 4, 2015

DSL Technology

DSL can also be implemented with PPoE

(Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) that
does not support always-on. This is
required when authentication is necessary.

Apr 4, 2015

xDSL-Families
ADSL- Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
HDSL-High Data Rate DSL
VDSL-Very high data rate DSL
IDSL-ISDN DSL
RADSL-Rate adaptive DSL
SDSL-Symmetric DSL

Apr 4, 2015

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Family

ADSL Family

Description

Upsteream

Maximum

Rate

Downstream
Rate

range

ADSL

G,992.1 / G.DMT

640 KBps

8 MBps

5.5 Km

ADSL Lite

G.992.2 / G.Lite

384 KBps

2 MBps

6Km

ADSL2

G.992.3 / G.dmt.bis

1-1.5 MBps

12-16 MBps

5.7 Km

ADSL2 Lite

G.992.4 / G.lite.bis

ADSL2 +

G.992.5 / ADSL 2 plus

1 MBps

26 MBps

5.7 Km

ADSL2 RE

G.992.3 Reach Extended

1MBps

12 MBps

7Km

Apr 4, 2015

10

Apr 4, 2015

11

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

G.DMT / G.992.1 standard
Used for applications which require greater
download bandwidth but require relatively
little in opposite direction like Web browsing;
File downloads
An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on
each end of a twisted pair telephone line
creating three information channels
A high speed downstream channel
A medium speed duplex channel
A basic telephone service channel
Apr 4, 2015

12

ADSL

The basic telephone service channel is split off

from the digital modem by splitter at client site
Allows simultaneous access to the line by the
telephone and the computer
In case of power/ADSL failure, data
transmission is lost but basic telephone service
will be operational
Provides
16-640 kbps upstream
1.5-8 mbps downstream
Can work up to a distance of 3.7 to 5.5 kms
depending upon the speed required
Apr 4, 2015

13

ADSL rates and channel

frequency
band allocation in local loop

Apr 4, 2015

14

ADSL
Data Rate - Wire Size Distance

Data Rate

Wire Size

1.5-2.0 Mbps

0.5 mm

18000
Feet

5.5 Kms

1.5-2.0 Mbps

0.4 mm

15000
Feet

4.6 Kms

6.1 Mbps

0.5 mm

12000
Feet

3.7 Kms

6.1 Mbps

0.4 mm

9000 Feet

2.7 Kms

Apr 4, 2015

ADSL

Distance

15

ADSL Transceiver

Downstream
Channel(s)

MUX

Duplex
Channel(s)

Error
Control

D/A & A/D

RCVR
Line
Coupler

DEMUX
Duplex
Channel(s)

Apr 4, 2015

Error
Control

XMTR

Channel
Separation
FDM
Or
ECH

Basic
Telephone
Service
Splitter

Output
To line

Basic
Telephone
Service

16

HDSL

High bit/data rate DSL

Can be viewed as equivalent of PCM stream
Offers the same bandwidth both upstream
and downstream
Can work up to a distance of 3.66 to 4.57
kms depending upon the speed required
Can deliver 2048 kbps
On 2 phone lines, each line carrying 1168
kbps
On 3 phone lines, each line carrying 784
kbps

Apr 4, 2015

17

HDSL

No provision exists for voice

because it uses the voice band
HDSL-2 is proposed as next
generation HDSL over single phone
line
Requires more aggressive
modulation, shorter distance and
better phone line

Apr 4, 2015

18

SDSL

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Rate adaptive version of HDSL
Does not support analog calls
Works up to 3.7 kms on 0.5 mm dia cable
Affordable alternative to dedicated
leased lines
SHDSL-Symmetric High-bit-rate Digital
Subscriber Line is an further
improvement over HDSL/SDSL and uses
single phone line
Apr 4, 2015

19

VDSL

Very-high Data-rate DSL

Also known as BDSL
Originally named VADSL (A
Asymmetric) but was later extended
to support both symmetric &
asymmetric
Requires one phone line
Supports voice & data
Works between 0.3-1.37 kms
depending on speed
Apr 4, 2015

20

VDSL

Upstream data rate of 1.6-2.3 mbps

Downstream data rate of 13-52
mbps
Data Rate - Wire Size Distance
Downstream

Upstream

Distance

12.96 Mbps

1.6-2.3 mbps

4500 Feet

1.37 Kms

25.82 Mbps

1.6-2.3 mbps

3000 Feet

0.91 Kms

51.84 Mbps

1.6-2.3 mbps

1000 Feet

0.30 Kms

Apr 4, 2015

21

IDSL

ISDN DSL-a hybrid DSL/ISDN

solution
Works over existing ISDN
connection
Increases ISDN speed from 128
kbps to 144 kbps

Apr 4, 2015

22

XDSL Modulation

Two types of modulation techniques

are used in xDSL Technologies
CAP - Carrierless Amplitude and
Phase
DMT - Discrete Multi-Tone
modulation

Apr 4, 2015

23

CAP Modulation

Carrierless Amplitude and Phase

Closely related to QAM (Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation)
QAM generates a DSSC (Double
Sideband Suppressed Carrier) signal
constructed from two multi-level PAM
(Pulse Amplitude Modulated) signals
applied in phase quadrature to one
another
CAP modulation produces the same form
of signal as QAM without requiring inphase and quadrature components of
the carrier to first be generated
Apr 4, 2015

24

CAP Transmitter

an

In-Phase
Filter

Binary
Input Constellation
Encoder

bn

Apr 4, 2015

D/A

Passband
Line Filter

Output
To line

Quadrature
Filter

25

CAP Receiver

In-Phase
Adaptive filter
Line
Input

~
an
Decision
Device

A/D

Decoder

Data
Out

~
bn
Quadrature
Filter

Apr 4, 2015

26

DMT Modulation

Discrete Multi-Tone modulation

Evolved from the concept of operating an
array of N relatively low-rate transceivers
in parallel to achieve an overall high rate
on one line
The N low-rate information streams are
kept separated from one another by
sending them over N separate frequency
sub-bands or sub-channels
DMT achieves this sub-channel arraying by
utilising the IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform) and it counterpart, the FFT
(Fast Fourier Transform)
Apr 4, 2015

27

DMT Transmitter

Data
Input

Serial to
Parallel
Input
Data
Buffer

DMT
Symbol
Encoder

Line
Filter

N (Complex)
Sub-channel
Symbols

Apr 4, 2015

IFFT

D/A

Output
To line

DMT
Symbols
Transmitted
Serially

28

DMT Receiver

1
2

line

Filter

A/D

DMT
Symbol
Decoder

FFT
N

DMT
Symbols
Received
Serially

Apr 4, 2015

Parallel
To Serial
Output
Data
Buffer

Data
Out

N (Complex)
Sub-channel
Symbols

29

ADSL DMT Modulation

256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of
4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.
Each sub carrier can support maximum
15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise
Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken
How many bits that particular sub carrier can
Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz
Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
Upstream

No of Bits

Voice

Downstream

16
7

15

25

64
31

1104

138 139

69 kHz
Frequency (KHz)
Upstream
Pilot Tone
Apr 4, 2015

255

32

276 kHz
Downstream
Pilot Tone
30

ADSL DMT Modulation

dB Voice

Upstream

Downstream

Signal to
noise ratio

No of Bits

15
Downstream

4 25

138 139

Frequency (KHz)

Apr 4, 2015

1104

31

ADSL2+ DMT Modulation

ADSL2+ Doubles the bandwidth used to

Carry data

No of Bits

Voice

Upstream

Downstream

ADSL2+
7

15

31

255

32

512

ADSL/ADSL2
0

Apr 4, 2015

0.14MHz
Frequency

1.1MHz

2.2MHz

32

ADSL 2/2+

ADSL 2/2+ are further improvement over

ADSL and provide greater download speed
and better range.
Due to better modulation efficiency, more
download speed is possible.
ADSL 2/2+ can re-synchronize on line at
different speed without interrupting the
communication if SNR changes due to
external interference. This is not possible
with ADSL.
When no communication is taking place
ADSL2/2+ can go in sleep/power saving
mode and come back to live mode
automatically when data transmission
starts.
Apr 4, 2015

33

NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment

MPLS Core Network

SSSS

FE

Core
router

FE

Broadband GigE
RAS

GigE

BB

GigE

FE
ig E

Tier2 LAN
Switch

G
KM
40 re
x
Ma k Fib
r
Da

FE
GE

480 Port
DSLAM

Apr 4, 2015

Gig E & FE

ADM
ADM

Tier1 Layer2
GigE Aggregation
Switch

ADM

SDH RING
ADM B1

city

FE

ADM

FE

B2 city

From MDF
FE

FE
240 Port
DSLAM

ADSL
terminals
ADSL
terminals

Content
Server

FE

GigE

Max 10/20 KM
Dark fiber

NOTE: Items indicated in dotted

line boxes are not part of Project 2.2

ADSL

120 Port
DSLAM

64 Port
DSLAM

ADSL terminals
Splitter

48 Port
DSLAM

24 Port
DSLAM

ADSL
terminals
34

DSL Deployment : MDF Wiring

Ex Side

Telco Switch

MDF

Line Side
Normal Line
Normal Line
DSL Line
Normal Line
Normal Line
DSL Line

DSL Line
Normal Line

POTS

Internet

Apr 4, 2015

GE/FE

Line

DSLAM
35

ADSL Deployment Today

Home/Office
ADSL
CPE

Curb

Central Office

ADSL up to 5Km

Data switch

Splitter
SHDSL (PAM16) up to 5Km

SHDSL

DSLAM
TERS
T
I
L
SP

Voice Switch

Apr 4, 2015

36

DSL Technologies Evolution of Network

Home/Office

Curb

Central Office

ADSL
CPE
ADSL up to 5Km
Splitter
POTS

SHDSL
IAD

SHDSL (PAM16) up to 10Km

VoDSL

4-wire
SHDSL

DSLAM
MSAP
TERS
T
I
L
SP

VOICE
IP Phone
POTS
IP Phone

Voice Switch

Splitter
VDSL
IAD

TV

VDSL up
to 1.5Km

ONU

Fiber

S
TTER
SPLI

Multicast
Fiber

OLT

DSL BROADBAND
DEPLOYMENT
FE

Core
router

SSSS

FE
Gig
E

Broadband
RAS
BB

GigE

FE
GigE

LAN Switch

gE
Gi

Layer 2 GigE
Aggregation
SW

Content
Server

FE

SDH RING
B1 city

480 Port
DSLAM

ADSL
terminals

B2 city

Gig E & FE
FE

GE

Apr 4, 2015

GigE

FE
240 Port
DSLAM

ADSL
terminals

FE
48 Port
DSLAM

120 Port
DSLAM

24 Port
DSLAM

64 Port
DSLAM

ADSL terminals

ADSL
terminals
38

THANK YOU