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Selection of
i) type,
ii) length and
iii) capacity
of pile is based on two parameters
a. Soil conditions
b. Magnitude of load
Before the actual construction begins, pile
load tests must be made to verify the design
values and the foundation design must be
revised according to the test results.
Geotechnical Design
By Geotechnical Design, we mean;
And for Allowance capacity, there are two schools of thought I.e.
Qa = Qu / FOS
or
STATIC FORMULA
For finding out Qs;
Qs = (Fs) (As)
*Fs = c + q K tan
Where
Overburden Pressure
Avg.
Pressure
Line
r Df/2
Qs
r Df
STATIC FORMULA
So for
V. loose to loose sand & v. soft to soft clay
= 1
Very hard (stiff to very stiff clay)
= 0.4
After 1971, Tomlinson said that, the value depends
upon the penetration, actual formation, sequence of
layer. He related the value with the penetration Ratio
(PR) and gave a table where
STATIC FORMULA
Factors
K = co-efficient of lateral earth pressure. Generally K value is from
zero to 1.75
Where
Ko = pressure at rest.
= (1-sin ) OCR
OCR = Over consolidation Ratio & for N.C. C , OCR = 1
Safe to use the value close to K0.
value of K are higher for driven piles as compared with cast insitu
piles.
Usually for driven piles the values are 1 and for insitu piles it is
1
Qs
STATIC FORMULA
Factor
Tan ;
Is the co-efficient of friction and = fraction
Angle, depending upon the material of
construction, for timber pile
Timber = 2/3
For steel pile =20Degree
For concrete pile, =
STATIC FORMULA
= (m) (N)
in Kpa
m
= Constant. Depending upon the method of installation.
= 2 (for large volume displacement (Driven piles))
= 1(for No volume or displaced (Cast piles))
N
= Average value of SPT Resistance (Average is taken for
the SPT Values at depths 8B above the tip and 4B
below the tip.
Qs
8B
4B
Qs
in Kpa
This equation was for shallow footing. Modifying it for deep footing i.e. D/B 4
qult
Nq= 1,
(qult)Net =
Nr = 0
CNC = 9c
Qb
EMPERICAL METHODS
(SPT and CPT tests)
(a) SPT TEST (Mayerhoff)
qult = 40N Lb/ B 400N
in Kpa
Stratum # 01
Stratum # 02
qc = Cone Resistance
QU = Qs+Qb
Note:
We know that
Fs= c + K Tan
qult =
CNC + q Nq + 0.5rBNr
q = Effective Earth pressure depending on the length of the pile
q = rD
= r (Length of Pile)
Lb
End Bearing