NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PILES IN OFFSHORE

REGION
Presented by
ATUL KUMAR SINGH
Under the Guidance of
Prof Dr. P.K.Maiti (Dept. of Civil Engg., IIT(BHU))
Prof. Dr. M.S.Kulkarni (Dept. of Civil Engg., MIT, Pune)
Prof G.S.Ingle (Dept. of Civil Engg., MIT, Pune)

In Association with

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INDEX
1)Finite Element Analysis

2)Fluid Structure Interaction

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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

DEFINITION
FEM is a numerical method for solving a system of governing equations over the domain of a
continuous physical system, which is discretized into simple geometric shapes called finite
element.

Continuous system
Time-independent PDE
Time-dependent PDE

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Discrete system
Linear algebraic eq.
ODE

In mathematics, the finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. It uses variational methods to
minimize an error function and produce a stable solution.
FEM is best understood from its practical application, known as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA as
applied in engineering is a computational tool for performing engineering analysis. It includes the use of
mesh generation techniques for dividing a complex problem into small elements, as well as the use
of software program coded with FEM algorithm.

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FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION

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Fluid structure interaction (FSI) is a multi-physics phenomenon which occurs in a

system where flow of a fluid causes a solid structure to deform which, in turn,
changes the boundary condition of a fluid system. This can also happen the other way around
where the structure makes the fluid flow properties to change. This kind of interaction
occurs in many natural phenomena and man-made engineering systems.
It becomes a crucial consideration in the design and analysis of various engineering
systems. For instance, FSI simulations are conducted to avoid flutter on aircraft and
turbo-machines , to evaluate the environmental loads and dynamic response of offshore
structures and in many bio medical applications.
Offshore platform, also referred as oil platform, is a large structure used for
exploration of oil and gas from beneath the seabed. This kind of structure contains all
facilities needed to locate and extract oil and natural gas below the earth surface.
Most of these platforms are placed in a rough sea environment; these structures are
subjected to different types of environmental loads like waves, winds and ocean
currents. So, it is essential for an offshore engineer to estimate the forces generated
by wave loading for the existing and future platforms to ensure safe and robust
design.
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Oil Rig
Jacket
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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Length=20m
Diameter=.8m
Figure 6:- Structural
member

Pile of diameter 0.8m in the fluid

domain

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Figure 7 Computational mesh of the flu

domain
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Figure 8:- Different types of meshing done in the ANSYS

software
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BOUNDARY CONDITION AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS

1) Oscillatory type of flow
=

where is the angular frequency of the oscillation (related to the period T by =2/T), k is the
wave number (related to the wavelength L by k =2/L), is the kinematic viscosity /, and z is
measured upward from the bottom.
2) Navier- Stokes Equation
These differential equations, are usually based on Darcys Law as the linear macroscopic uid
momentum balance equation, considering the drag terms of the Navier Stokes equation as
dominant, and on the principle of the uid mass conservation.

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3) Hydrodynamic Loading (Wind Generated Waves)

Hydrodynamic loading is the load that is applied by the Oscillatory flow of

Oceanic waves. In fluid dynamics, Airy wave theory (often referred to as linear
wave theory) gives a linearized description of the propagation of gravity waves on
the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer.
This linear theory is often used to get a quick and rough estimate of wave
characteristics and their effects. This approximation is accurate for small ratios of
the wave height to water depth (for waves in shallow water), and wave height to
wavelength (for waves in deep water).

4) EulerBernoulli beam theory

EulerBernoulli
beam
theory(also
known
asengineer's
beam
theoryorclassical beam theory)is a simplification of the lineartheory of
elasticitywhich provides a means of calculating the beam that is subjected
to lateral loads only.
The EulerBernoulli equation describes
beam'sdeflectionsand the applied load:

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the

relationship between the

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5) Morison Equation

Inertial Force

Drag Force

Morison Equation gives the linear inertia force (from potential theory and oscillating Flows) and the adapted quadratic
drag force (from real Flows and constant currents) to get the following resultant force (per unit length)
& (Morison Constants) depends on Reynolds Number and KC Number. ( & 1.2 <). It is found that for KC < 10, inertia
forces progressively dominate; for 10 < KC < 20 both inertia and drag force components are significant and for KC > 20,
drag force progressively dominates.

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Free surface flow around cylinder at t=19.5

Free surface flow around cylinder at t=22.0

Free surface flow around cylinder at t=21.5

Free surface flow around cylinder at t=20.5

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Free surface flow around cylinde

at t=20.0

Free surface flow around cylinder at

t=22.5
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1
Natural Frequency= 2.77

2
Natural Frequency= 2.77

Natural Frequency= 7.43

Natural Frequency

Natural Frequency= 13.87

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Natural Frequency
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Graph shows the time history of CFD horizontal force (wave loads) and the
reaction force (dynamic response) of the structural member for the one-way coupling
simulation of case1. At the time of 0.112s approximately, free surface of the
water touches the bottom side of the cylinder which gradually tends the CFD
force to increase. The maximum horizontal force is attained by the time of around
0.330s.

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The peak vertical force (slamming force) is attained at the time of around
0.115s with the magnitude of 480kN approximately. The magnitude of the
CFD force starts to decline in a steady way after it achieves the peak value.

Vertical (CFD & Reaction) forces

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Graph shows the horizontal and vertical deformation of the structural

member. This is taken with respect to a single point located at the center of the
structure using CFD Post.

Horizontal and vertical deformations of the structural member

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Validation and Conclusion

Some very limited validation work of this project have been done by comparing
the horizontal fluid force with the result of Morison equation and vertical CFD
force with the experimental data presented by Isaacson and Prasad (1994)

Above figure shows the comparison of horizontal fluid force attained by the numerical
method with result of Morison equation. The formula mentioned in above slide with CM
and CD as 2.0 and 0.65 respectively is used to find horizontal force value. The difference
between peak values of two curves is observed as 100 kN approximately.
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REFRENCES
1. B.Iwanowski, R.Gladso, M.Lefranc, Wave-in-deck load on a jacket the platform, CFD
derived pressures and non- linear structural response 28 OMAE International conference, Hawaii,
USA. May 31- June 5, 2009.
2. A.K.Pozarlik, J.B.W.Kok, Numerical investigation of one-way and two-way fluid structure
interaction in combustion systems International conference on computational methods for coupled
problems in Science and Engineering, Barcelona.2007.
3. ANSA 13.2.1 BETA CAE Systems S.A. P.O. Box 18623, GR-54005 Thessaloniki, Greece
4. Fluent 14.0. ANSYS, Inc., Southpointe, 275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA15317, USA.
5. Z.Yun, Y.Hui, Coupled fluid structure flutter analysis of a transonic fan Chinese Journal of
Aeronautics, vol.24, 2011, 258-264.
6. S.A.Anagnostopoulos, Dynamic response of offshore platforms to extreme waves including fluid
structure interaction Eng.Struct.,vol. 4, July, 1982.

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THANK YOU

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