A lway

s
uniqu
e
Totall
y
Interesti
ng
S ometim
es
Mysterio
us

Under the guidance of,

Dr. Manohar Bhat
Dr. Rajesh Sharma
Dr. Abhishek khairwa

Presented by,
Dr. Vishakha Mittal

CONTENT
S
Introduction
History
Types of Autism
Clinical features
Etiology
Treatment

Definitions

Handicapp (W.H.O 1980)

A handicapped person as One Who over a appreciable period
is prevented by physical or mental from full participation in
normal activities of their age group including those of a social,
recreational, educational and vocational nature.
Special Health Care Needs (AAPD 2013)
AAPD has defined individuals With special health care needs
as those With any physical, developmental, mental, sensory,
behavioral, cognitive, or emotional impairment or limiting
condition that requires medical management, health care
intervention, and/or specialized health services.

INTRODUCTION
Autism is the spectrum of related, complex,
neurodevelopmental disorders referred to as
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
3 main areas of difficulties
1. Social interaction
2. Communication
3. Repetitive and restricted behavior

Manifests during first 3 years of age

Difficult to diagnose

No cure

INTRODUCTION

Often used synonymously With PDD.

Autisn is one of the five PDD disorders

PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder)

1.

Autism

2.

Aspergers Syndrome

3.

Retts disease

4.

Childhood disintegration disorder (CDD)

5.

Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise

specified (PDD-NOS)

INTRODUCTION

Isolated in their behavior

Restricted and repetitive behavior

Appear indifferent & remote

Unable to form emotional bonds

sensitive to sound, touch, sight or smell

Obsessive routines, & aggressive behavior

Unpredictable body movements

Self injurious behavior

HISTORY

Eugene Bleuler (1912) :

A Swiss psychiatrist 1st used

the Word autism in English
language in an issue of the
American Journal of Insanity.

Autism term was 1st coined

by- Dr. Leo Kanner (1943) &
Hans Asperger (1944).

Greek Word autos -> means

Self

April autism awareness month

Pervasive Development Disorder

(PDD)

Wide range of disorders, associated with behavior

5 typesi) Autism
ii) Asperger Syndrome
iii) Retts disease
iv) Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)

NOS)

v) Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-

Common characteristic features are:

-> impairments in social interaction
-> imaginative activity
-> verbal & non verbal communication skills
-> Limited number of interests & activities

TYPES OF AUTISM

IQ < 80 -> Low- functioning autism (LFA)

IQ > 80 -> High-functioning autism (HFA)

(Both the terms are controversial)

AUTISM

Manifested in the 1st year of life

Onset is not later than 3 years

Prognosis- Strongly determined by

the amount of language the child
has by age 7yrs.

ETIOLOGY

Neurobiological origin

Abnormality in brain structure and function

Precise cause has not been well understood yet

Many individuals with more severe autism have identifiable

underlying medical condition-> Congenital condition
-> Chromosomal condition
-> Metabolic condition
-> Acquired condition

Kanners Cardinal Features-

Defective social or personal

relatedness behaviors

Language or, more broadly,

communication difficulties

Play or prefer activities

which are characterized by
preoccupations having a
repetitive or stereotyped
quality

Characteristic Features
Early Symptoms

Does not babble or gesture by 12 months

Lacks eye contact

Resists being held or cuddled

Does not respond to his name

Does not say Words by 16 months of age

Does not say 2 Word phrases by 24 months of age

1sy year of life

Reduced social Interaction

Absence of social smile

Lack of facial expressions

Abnormal posture and movement patterns

Failure to orient to name, lack of pointing

Lack of spontaneous imitation

Characteristic Features
Young children

Do not engage in group activities

Unable to recognize intentions, desires, feelings,

and beliefs of others.

Inability to interpret behavior of others

Failure to use facial expressions and body

language to interact With others

Teenagers and young adults

Usually remain oblivious to the presence of

parents

Unable to see World from other persons

perspective

Prefer to engage in solitary activities rather

than form friendships.

Dental findings

High susceptibility to caries

Bruxism

Damaging oral habits

Traumatic injuries

Gingivitis and poor oral hygiene

Hypergag reflex

MANAGEMENT

Treatment options areBehavior Therapy

ABA therapy

Story Boarding

Sensory integration therapy

Speech therapy

Physical therapy

Vocational therapy

Pharmacotherapy

Fenfluramine helps in decreasing

behavioral symptoms.

Other drugs Chlorpromazine,

Imipramine

Antiepileptic drugs

Diet
Gluten free Diet
Or
Caesin free diet

ORAL HEALTH CARE

Health challenges in Autism and

strategies for care

COMMUNICATION PROBLEM

BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS

UNUSUAL RESPONSE TO STIMULI

UNUSUAL & UNPREDICTABLE BODY

MOVEMENTS

SEIZURES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Mc donalds
Nikhil Marwah
Amitha hedge
Autisim.org

THANK YOU