MEASI ACADEMY of ARCHITECTURE

TRAINING
ON
LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS

PRESENTER
AANUPAM RAO

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Light is Life

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

What is Light ?
Light is a Part of Radiant Energy which
excites Human Retina and gives Visual
Sensation.
Light is a part of Electromagnetic
radiation

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Electromagnetic Spectrum

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Theories of Light propagation

Particle Theory :

Units of Energy are

propagated at the speed
of light in straight line
from light source in form
of particles

Wave Theory : Energy

is propagated at speed of
light in wave fashion
same as that of sound.

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Visible Spectrum

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Next Slide

Rainbow

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Visible Spectrum
Visible spectrum varies from Violet (380 nm) to
Red ( 760 nm)
On lower side of spectrum ultra violet is
emitted, part of which can be converted into
visible spectrum
On higher side of spectrum Infrared is emitted
which is used for medical therapy
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

LIGHT AND VISION

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Photopic Vision

Mesopic Vision

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Scotopic Vision

Eye and Vision

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Relative Spectral Sensitivity of Eye

Sensitivity of Eye Changes
during day time and night
time.
Day time Vision Eye more
sensitive to Yellow ( 555 nm)
Night Time Vision Eye more
sensitive to Blue ( 480 nm)

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

LIGHT DIRECTION
PROPERTIES

Light Direction Properties

Reflection

Refraction

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Light Direction Properties

Transmission

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Photometry
It is the process of measurement of
light, its properties and qualities.
The basic instrument employed is
called Photometer

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Solid Angle
The concept of light and various
parameters is associated with concept of
solid angle ().
It is ratio of spherical area (A) to sqaure
of radius ( R )
= As/R2

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Luminous Flux
Rate at which light
is emitted by lamp.
It is measured in
Lumens (Lm)
Its symbol is
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

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Luminous Intensity
Amount of light
emitted by light
source in a
particular
direction
It is measured in
Candelas (Cd)
Its symbol is I
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

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Illuminance
It is Luminous
Flux on working
plane per square
meter of area.
It is measured in
Lux
Its symbol is E
E= /A
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

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Luminance
It is brightness of
luminous surface
as perceived by
human eye.
It is measured in
Cd/Sqr. M.
Its symbol is L
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Luminous Efficacy
It is ratio of total luminous flux emitted
by lamp to total power consumed by
lamp.
It is measured in Lm/W.
Its symbol is
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Light Output Ratio

It is ratio of total luminous flux emitted
by Luminaire to total luminous flux of
bare lamp.
It is indicated in % age.
It is measured in controlled operating
conditions.
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Light Output Ratio

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Next Slide

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Glare

Direct Glare

Indirect Glare

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Reflectance
It is percentage of luminous flux reflected
by a surface.
Its Symbol is .
Dark surfaces have lower reflectance
while bright surfaces have higher
reflectance.
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Uniformity
It is expressed as ratio of minimum to
average illuminance
(Uniformity = Emin/Eavg)

In some applications it is also measured

as ratio of minimum to maximum
illuminance
(Uniformity = Emin/Emax)
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Maintenance Factor

It is a safety factor used in application

design for depreciation in terms for
Lumen Output of lamp
Deterioration of reflecting surfaces
Deterioration of reflecting properties of
surrounding surfaces
Lamp Burn Out
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Black Body Radiation

Concept of Colour is related to concept of
Black Body.
It is a idealised enclosure which absorbs
all the light incident on it and has zero
reflective radiance.

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Colour Temperature
The light colour of light source is defined
in terms of Colour Temperature (Tc).
Its unit is Kelvin ( K)
Kelvin Temperature scale begins at
absolute zero ( O K = - 273 C)
The colour temperature of light source is
used to denote the colour of light source
by comparison with colour of
standardised black body radiator
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Colour Temperature

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Next Slide

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

It is an index
indicating how
closely the colour
of an object
matches its
appearance under
relevant reference
light source
It is indicated on a
scale from 0 to 100
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

Higher CRI
reproduces
surface colours
accurately
Higher CRI gives
natural skin
colours
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

Effect of Light
source with CRI =
100
Effect of Light
Source with CRI =
23
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Lighting Laws

Inverse Square Law

Cosine Law

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Inverse Square Law

Illumination (E) at a point on
surface varies directly with luminous
intensity (I) of light source and
inversely with square of distance (d)
between light source and surface
E = I / d2
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

Cosine Law
Illumination (E) at a point on a
surface varies as cosine of angle of
incidence ()
Hence E = I * Cos / d2

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION

FOR OFFICE AREAS: 300 LUX

WORKSTATION > 350-400 LUX.
CONFERENCE ROOM -> 500 600 LUX.
FOR INDUSTRY : 300 LUX.
PRODUCTION AREAS: 300-350 LUX.
WAREHOUSE: 200 LUX.
STREET & EXTERIOR LIGHTING: UPTO 30 LUX.
April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F

April 6, 2015 Training Module - Lighting F