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Ship hydrostatics

Hydrostatics
Is the study of liquids at rest
Calculation of areas, centroids, moments

of inertia of areas (2nd Mmt) and volumes


are the properties for hydrostatic data
This then will be plotted as a function of

draught, in curves that allow further


calculation

Hydrostatic
particulars
When a ship is floating at a certain draught, we can

find the mass displacement of the ship if we can


find its displaced volume,.
Also we can know its water plane area, calculate its

TPC, KB, Cb, and etc.


These particulars which are properties of the

immersed part of the ship are called hydrostatic


particulars.
, , KB, LCB, LCF, KG, BMT, BML, TPC, CB, CM,CP, CW,

MCTC etc.

These particulars describe the characteristics

of the underwater portion of ship at a particular


draught.
It is related to volumes, areas, centroid of

volumes and areas and moments of volumes


and areas of the immersed portion.
Once draught or trim changes, the particulars

will also change.


The particulars can be presented in two forms,

either as a set of curves or in tabular format.

ercise 1
hip with length 100m, breadth 22m has the followin
as and volumes at different waterlines.
lculate its , CB, CW and TPC in sea water.
Draught
(m)

Aw
(m2)

(m3)

1800

3168.0

2000

6547.2

2100

10137.6

2120

13728.0

10

2130

17424.0

(tonnes)

CB

CW

TPC

Hydrostatic table can be used to obtain

hydrostatic particulars once draught is


known or one of the other particulars is
known.
There is however a need to interpolate the

table to obtain intermediate values.

Hydrostatic
Calculation

PRINCIPAL DIMENSION
LOA

66.00

LBP

64.00

MV MIMET

m
BEAM

9.56

DEPTH

7.00

m
m

Station
Name and
distance
from
station AP
in metres

AP
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
FP

TABLE OF OFFSETS (HALF BREADTH) in meters


Waterline Name and distance from Baseline in metres
BL
WL 1
WL 2
WL 3
WL 4
WL 5
WL 6
WL 7
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.00
6.00
7.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.71
2.17
3.20
0.00
0.34
0.41
0.35
0.12
2.15
3.12
3.66
6.40
0.40
0.75
0.91
1.52
3.02
3.15
4.23
4.49
9.60
0.21
1.31
2.42
3.62
4.25
4.50
4.73
4.77
12.80
0.76
2.61
3.75
4.41
4.74
4.78
4.78
4.78
19.20
2.65
4.50
4.76
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
25.60
3.45
4.51
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
32.00
3.48
4.54
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
38.40
3.48
4.54
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
44.80
3.12
4.52
4.75
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
4.78
51.20
2.61
3.73
4.26
4.45
4.58
4.62
4.68
4.71
57.60
0.98
2.47
2.82
3.02
3.15
3.91
3.29
3.37
64.00
0.00
0.61
0.83
0.91
0.87
0.63
0.00
0.00

WATERPLANE AREA, Aw
Data :- Breadth at each station from

AP to FP
Procedure :- Breadth x SM = Product

Area
:- repeat for each Breadth
Formula :- 1/3 x h x Product Area x 2

Example :
St
AP
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
FP

1/2 B
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.21
0.76
2.65
3.45
3.48
3.48
3.12
2.61
0.98
0.00

SM
0.5
2
1
2
1.5
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1

PA
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.42
1.14
10.60
6.90
13.92
6.96
12.48
5.22
3.92
0.00
61.96

AwBL = 1/3 x h x Product


Area
x2
= 1/3 x 6.4 x 61.96 x 2
= 264.36m2

Sectional Area, As
Data :- Breadth at each WL from BL to

Draft(T)
Procedure :- Breadth x SM = Product

Area
:- repeat for each Breadth
Formula :- 1/3 x w x Product Area x 2

Example :
St 1
Draught

1/2 B

SM

PA

0.00

0.34

1.36

0.41

0.82

0.35

1.40

0.12

0.12
3.70

As1 = 1/3 x w x Product


Area
x2
= 1/3 x 1 x 3.7 x 2
= 2.47m2

LCF
Data :- Breadth at each station from AP to

FP
Procedure :- Breadth x SM = Product Area

:- Product Area x lever =


:- repeat for each Breadth

1st

Mmt Area

Formula :- h x 1st Mmt Area / Product Area

IL
Data :- Breadth at each station from AP to

FP
Procedure :- Breadth x SM = Product Area

:- Product Area x lever = Mmt Area


:- Mmt Area x lever = 2nd Mmt Area
:- repeat for each Breadth
Formula :- 2/3 x h3 x 2nd Mmt Area

ILCF
Data :- IL

:- Aw
:- LCF
Formula :- IL Ay2

IT
Data :- Breadth at each station from AP

to FP
Procedure :- ( Breadth)3 x SM = 2nd Mmt

Area

Area
:- repeat for each Breadth

Formula :- 2/9 x h x 2nd Mmt Area

TPC
Data :- Aw
Formula :- (Aw x ) / 100

MCTC
Data :- ILCF
Formula :- (ILCF x ) / 100L

Volume of Displacement
Data :- As at each station from AP to FP
Procedure :- As x SM = Product Volume

:- repeat for each As


Formula :- 1/3 x h x Product Volume x 2

Data :- Aw at each WL from BL to Draft(T)


Procedure :- Aw x SM = Product Volume

:- repeat for each Aw


Formula :- 1/3 x w x Product Volume x 2

LCB
Data :- As at each station from AP to FP
Procedure :- As x SM = Product Volume

:- Product Volume x lever = 1st


Mmt Vol.
:- repeat for each As
Formula :- h x 1st Mmt Vol. / Product Vol.

VCB @ KB
Data :- Aw at each WL from BL to Draft(T)
Procedure :- Aw x SM = Product Volume

:- Product Volume x lever = 1st


Mmt Vol.
:- repeat for each Aw
Formula :- w x 1st Mmt Vol. / Product

Vol.

Displacement
Data :- Volume
Formula :- Vol. x

BMT
Data :- Volume

:- IT
Formula :- IT / Vol.

BML
Data :- Volume

:- ILCF
Formula :- ILCF / Vol.

KMT
Formula :- KB + BMT

KML
Formula :- KB + BML

CB
Formula :- Vol. / LBT

CP
Formula :- Vol. / (Am x L)

CW
Formula :- Aw / LB

CM
Formula :- Am / BT

Hydrostatic
Draugh
Displacemen C
KB BM
Curves/Data
t (m)
t (tonnes)
(m) (m)
B

BML
(m)

MCTC
(tonne-m)

LCB

LCF
(m form
)
2.0

8.00

14820.0

0.72 4.07 3.66 180.0

190.0

(m
from )
2.50

7.50

13140.0

0.71 3.67 3.98 195.0

183.0

2.30

1.50

7.00

11480.0

0.70 3.26 4.46 219.0

180.0

2.00

0.70

6.50

9870.0

0.69 2.85 5.02 244.0

172.0

1.80

-0.06

6.00

8280.0

0.67 2.44 5.66 279.0

165.0

1.50

-1.00

5.50

6730.0

0.66 2.04 6.67 327.0

157.0

1.10

-2.00

5.00

5220.0

0.64 1.63 8.06 392.0

146.0

0.00

-3.00

Table 1.0 : Hydrostatic Particulars of Bunga Melor with


LBP 100m

Exercise 2
By using the hydrostatic particulars of Bunga
Melor shown in Table 1.0 :
a) Draw hydrostatic curves of the ship
b) Find the values of , KB, LCB, LCF, BMT, BML,
MCTC, and CB of the ship if it is floating at a
draught of 6.21m.
c) Find values of draught, KB, LCB, LCF, BMT, BML,
MCTC, and CB if the ship weights 11480 tonnes.
d) When the ship is floating at a draught of 6.5m,
2500 tonnes was added, what is its new draught

Metacenter
Metacenter is a convenient reference point

for hydrostatic calculations at small angles


Metacenter associated with rotating the ship

in the transverse direction (MT) and another


one when rotating the ship in the longitudinal
direction (ML)
The location of M depends on the location of

B.

MOVEMENTS OF THE
METACENTER
THE METACENTER WILL CHANGE POSITIONS

IN THE VERTICAL PLANE WHEN THE SHIP'S


DISPLACEMENT CHANGES.
TWO RULES:

1. WHEN B MOVES UP M MOVES DOWN.


2. WHEN B MOVES DOWN M MOVES UP.

LCF

Exercise 3

A ship 104 m long is floating in sea water at


draught
of 4m. At this draught, the ship has a
displacement of
10500 tonnes. The waterplane has the
Station
0

1
following
offsets
: 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
breadth

7.3

8.0

8.7

9.5

9.2

8.8

7.5

5.7

Calculate:
a) the area of waterplane
b)LCF from amidships
c) 2nd moment of area about amidships, IL
d) 2nd moment of area about LCF, ILCF
e) 2nd moment of area about centreline, IT
f) BML
g)BMT

3.5

1.9

8
0

3= 1x2

5= 3x4

6= 4x5

8= 2x6

1st
2nd
2nd
lever Mmt Mmt(L) (1/2B)3 Mmt(T)

St

1/2 B

SM

PA

7.3

0.5

3.65

0.50

16.00

3.5

56.00 196.00 512.00 1024.00

8.7

1.5

13.05

39.15 117.45 658.50 987.75

9.5

38.00

76.00 152.00 857.38 3429.50

9.2

18.40

18.40

18.40

778.69 1557.38

8.8

35.20

0.00

0.00

681.47 2725.89

7.5

15.00

-1

-15.00 15.00

421.88 843.75

5.7

22.80

-2

-45.60 91.20

185.19 740.77

3.5

1.5

5.25

-3

-15.75 47.25

7.5

1.9

3.80

0.5

0
171.1
5

14.60

58.40

-3.5 -13.30 46.55


-4

0
0
114.5
0
742.25

389.02 194.51

42.88

64.31

6.86

13.72

0
11581.5
8

Exercise 4

A ship is 65 m long, 13 m beam, floats at even


keel
draught of 5 m in sea water. Sectional areas are
as
Station
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
follows:
Area(m2) 10.6 25.6 36.2 44.0 48.8 49.2 48.8 42.6 35.2 19.8

Calculate:
a) Displacement,
b) LCB from amidships
c) Block Coefficient, CB
d) Midship Section Area Coefficient, CM
e) Prismatic Coefficient, CP

4.8

St
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3= 1x2

As
10.6
25.6
36.2
44
48.8
49.2
48.8
42.6
35.2
19.8
4.8

SM
1
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1

PV
10.60
102.40
72.40
176.00
97.60
196.80
97.60
170.40
70.40
79.20
4.8
1078.20

5= 3x4

lever 1st Mmt


5
53.00
4
409.6
3
217.20
2
352.00
1
97.60
0
0.00
-1
-97.60
-2
-340.80
-3
-211.20
-4
-316.8
-5
-24
127.40

Exercise
5
Find BM for a waterplane of a ship LBP = 100m
T

with
the following half breadths. At this draught the
ship
has a displacement of 11275 tonnes in sea water.
St

AP

B 0

10.5 12.5 13.5 13.5 12.5 11

7.5 3

91/2

FP

St
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.5
10

1/2 B
0
5
8
10.5
12.5
13.5
13.5
12.5
11
7.5
3
1
0

SM
0.5
2
1.5
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1.5
2
0.5

(1/2B)3
0.00
125.00
512.00
1157.63
1953.13
2460.38
2460.38
1953.13
1331.00
421.88
27.00
1.00
0.00

4= 2x3
2nd
Mmt(T)
0.00
250.00
768.00
4630.50
3906.25
9841.50
4920.75
7812.50
2662.00
1687.50
40.50
2.00
0.00
36521.50

Exercise
6
A ship 105m LBP, 16m beam is floating in sea water.
The
waterplane has the following offsets at 5m draught :
St

1/2 B

5.0

(m)

5.5

6.0 6.5

10

7.4

7.6

8.0

7.7

6.9

6.0

3.0

2.0

The ship has the following waterplane area at other


draughts :
Draught (m)

0.5

Waterplane Area(m2)

15

490

1.0
750

2.0

3.0

4.0

1005

1210

1270

Using all the information, calculate height of


Metacentre,KMT
for draught of 5.0m.

St
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.5
10

3= 1x2

1/2 B
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.4
7.6
8.0
7.7
6.9
6.0
3.0
2.0
0.0

SM
0.5
2
1.5
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1.5
2
0.5

PA
2.5
11.0
9.0
26.0
14.8
30.4
16.0
30.8
13.8
24.0
4.5
4.0
0.0
186.8

(1/2B)3
125.00
166.38
216.00
274.63
405.22
438.98
512.00
456.53
328.51
216.00
27.00
8.00
0.00

5= 2x4
2nd
Mmt(T)
62.50
332.75
324.00
1098.50
810.45
1755.90
1024.00
1826.13
657.02
864.00
40.50
16.00
0.00
8811.75

3= 1x2

Aw

SM

PV

lever

15

0.5

7.5

0.5

490

980

0.5

490

750

1.5

1125

1125

1005

4020

8040

1210

2420

7260

1270

5080

20320

1307.6

1307.6

6538
43773

Draugh
t
0

14940.1

5= 3x4
1st
Mmt

Exercise 7
A ship 100 m LBP, 12 m beam is floating in sea water at 7m draught. At
this draught her TPC is 18.2 tonnes, LCF is 1.8m aft of amidships and
Second moment of area about amidships, IL is 736000 m4. A ship has the
following waterplane area at draught 0 to 6.0 m in sea water.
Calculate for a draught of 7.0m:

Draught (m)

Aw (m2)

610

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

950

1190

1400

1600

1650

1700

690

1)
Waterplane Area, Aw
2)
Second moment of area about LCF, ILCF
3)
Volume of displacement
4)
BML
5)
KB
6)
KML

Draugh
t
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3= 1x2

Aw

SM

PV

lever

610
690
950
1190
1400
1600
1650
1700

0.5
2
1.5
4
2
4
2
4

305
1380
1425
4760
2800
6400
3300
6800

0
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6

1775.61

1775.61

28945.6
1

5= 3x4
1st
Mmt
0
690
1425
9520
8400
25600
16500
40800
12429.2
7
115364.
3

Exercise 8
A ship 84 m LBP, 11 m beam is floating in sea water
at 5.5 m draught and has a displacement of 7635
tonnes. At this draught her TPC is 19.4 tonnes, LCF is
40.6 m from FP and Second moment of area about
amidships, IL is 690700 m4.
Calculate for a draught of 5.5 m:
1)Waterplane Area, Aw
2)LCF from amidships
3)Second moment of area about LCF, I LCF
4)Volume of displacement
5)BML

Exercise 9
A ship 114 m LBP, 10 m beam is floating in sea water at 8 m
draught. At this draught her TPC is 17.6 tonnes, LCF is 1.9 m fwd
of amidships and Second moment of area about centerline, IT is
55300 m4. A ship has the following waterplane area at draught 0
to 8.0 m in sea water.

Draught (m)

Aw(m2)

380

520

740

960

1190

1380

1514

Calculate for a draught of 8.0 m:


1)Volume of displacement
2)Mass of displacement
3)BMT
4)KB
5)KMT
6)CB

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