Formulating & Clarifying

Research Topic

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research
Topic
Good
Research
Topic
Generate
Ideas
From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research
Topic
Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Expert
Opinion

Literature
Review
Knowledg
e
Interest

Ideas

Research
Topic

Observati
on

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good
Research
Topic
Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Interest

Capability

Appropriateness

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good
Research
Topic
Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Interest

Capability

Appropriateness

Interest is developed overtime.

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Interest

Capability

Good
Research
Topic

Appropriateness

Charact
er

Destin
y

Actions
Generate Ideas

Research
Proposal

Thought
s
Words

Destin
y

From Ideas to
Topic

Words

Actions
Charact
er

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good
Research
Topic
Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Interest

Thinkin
g
Writing
Analyzi
ng
Financia
l
Time

Capability

Appropriateness

Your
Skills

Resourc
es

Research
Proposal

Data

You
Can Do
it.

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good
Research
Topic
Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Interest

Capability

Appropriaten
ess

Clearly Defined
Objectives
Useful Result
Linked with a
Theory
Symmetrical
Finding
Meet the
Standard

Topic is
Worthwhi
le

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Rational Thinking

Creative Thinking

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational
Thinking
Past Projects

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Discussion

Creative Thinking
Literature

Media

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Rational
Thinking
Past
Projects

Discussion

Creative Thinking
Literature

Projects Placed in
Library
Selected the Ones
Interest You
Scan through them
Research Idea

Media

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational
Thinking
Past Projects

Good Research
Topic

Friends
Generate
Ideas

Creative Thinking

Discussi
on
Tutors

You

Media

Profession
als

Ideas Sharing

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Literature

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational
Thinking
Past Projects

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Creative Thinking

Discussion

Literatu
re

Media

Books
Referenc
es

Preliminary
Knowledge

Articles
Research Gap &
Areas for Further
Studies

Ideas

Referenc
es

Article
s

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational
Thinking
Past Projects

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Discussion

Creative Thinking

Literatu
re

Please Start with

the Latest Articles

Media

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational
Thinking
Past Projects

Discussion

Creative Thinking
Literature

Media

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

From Sensation To Reasoning

News
Stories

Latest
But Spicy

Research
Article

Without
Spice

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Rational Thinking
Note the
Thought

Preferences /
Past Projects

Creative Thinking
Relevance
Trees

Brainstormin
g

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas

Creative Thinking

Rational Thinking

Note the
Thought

Preferences /
Past Projects

Relevance
Trees

From Famous Eureka to Unknown You All

Think
Mind does
not Sleep

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Brainstormin
g

Ideas
flow
Catch Them

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas

Rational Thinking
Note the
Thought

Preferenc
es / Past
Projects

Select 6
Projects you
like

Relevance
Trees

Brainstormin
g

Answer:
What appeals to you?
What is good about
project?
Why is the Project
Excellence good?

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Creative Thinking

Poor
Answer:
What repels you?
What is bad about
project?

Select 3
Projects you

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Creative Thinking

Rational Thinking
Note the
Thought

Preferences /
Past Projects

Relevance
Trees

Brainstormin
g

Broad Idea
Generate
Ideas

Narrow
Idea

Narrow
Idea

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Narrow
Idea

Narrow
Idea

Narrow
Idea

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Creative Thinking

Rational Thinking
Note the
Thought

Preferences /
Past Projects

Relevance
Trees

Brainstormin
g

Motivation
Generate
Ideas

Motivation
of
Employees

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Narrow
Idea

Narrow
Idea

Motivation of
Employees Not given
any increment

Narrow
Idea

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Creative Thinking

Rational Thinking
Note the
Thought

Preferences /
Past Projects

Relevance
Trees

Brainstor
ming

Problem
Suggestions

tion Sug
s
e
g
g
u
S
ge
5
stio
1Suggestion
n
2
tionS
Sugges 6 ugge
stio
3Suggestion
n
4

Review
Suggestions

Rules for Suggestion

Recording
1. No Criticizing
2. Record All
3. The more the better

Analyze Appealing
Suggestions
Why do they appeal to

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Rational Thinking

Creative Thinking

Integrating Ideas
Good Research
Topic

Generate
Ideas
From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Benefit
To have clear
direction

Process
Working Up &
Narrowing Down
Activity Based
Costing
Financial
Accounting
Accounting

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Pitfalls

Example

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importanc
e

Pitfalls

Example

Clarity of
Conclusion
Depends on Clarity
of ___

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Resear
ch
Questio
n

Data

Conclusio
n
Success of
Research
Depends on
Clarity of___

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Pitfalls

Example

Good Research
Topic

Goldilocks Test

Generate Ideas

Too Big

What are the reasons for

economic decline?

From Ideas
to Topic

Too Small

What is the depth of the river?

Too Hot
Research
Proposal

Just Right

How to convince People of

Sindh to the idea of building
Kalabagh dam?
What is the impact of
remittances on GDP?

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Pitfalls

Example

Research Idea to Research

Question
Research Idea
The Use of
Internet
Banking

General Focus Research

Question

What effects has the

growth of internet
banking had upon the
uses of customers make
of branch facilities?

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Example

Good Objectives

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Example

Good Objectives

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

It shows clarity of
1. Sense of Purpose
2. Direction

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Example

Good Objectives

Research
Question
1. Why orgs
introduced team
briefing?
2. How can
effectiveness of
team briefing be
measured?
3. Has the team
briefing been
effective?
4. How can the
effectiveness of
team briefing be
explained?

Research Objective
1. To identify orgs objectives for
team briefing schemes.
2. To establish suitable
effectiveness criteria for team
briefing Schemes.
3. To describe the extent to which
the effectiveness criteria for
team briefing being met.
4. To determine factors associated
with the effectiveness criteria
fore team briefing being met. /
To Estimate whether some of the
factors are more influential than
others.

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Example

Good
Objectives

Measurable

Generate Ideas

Interconnectivit
y

From Ideas
to Topic

Transparence

Research
Proposal

Specificity
Relevance

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Importance of
Theory

Importance

Example

Good
Objectives

Specific
Measurab
le
Achievabl
e
Realistic
Timely

What precisely you hope to

achieve from research?
What measures will you use to
determine whether you have
achieved
objectives?
Are
the set
targets achievable
given the constraints?
Are you capable of achieving
them?
Are the set targets achievable
within time?

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Set of propositions which combines to

explain reality.
It establishes cause & effect relationship.

When you answer why you theorize.

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Good Research
Topic
Data
Generate Ideas
Diagram

From Ideas
to Topic
Hypotheses
Research
Proposal

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Good Research
Topic

Data
Generate Ideas
Diagram

From Ideas
to Topic

Dat
a

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Empirica
l Pattern
Why
there is
a
pattern

Hypotheses
Research
Proposal

Theory

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Good Research
Topic
Data
Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic

Diagram

Hypotheses
Research
Proposal

Independe
nt
Variable1
Independe
nt
Variable2
Independe
nt
Variable3

Dependen
t Variable

Not explaining why the

relationship exists.

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of Theory

Good Research
Topic
Data
Generate Ideas
Diagram

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Hypothe
ses

It provides conceptual
argument
But Not
Logical Argument

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of
Theory

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Increasing
Capacity to
change the way
we think about
the world

Grand
Theori
es
Middle Range
Theories

Increasing
restriction in
terms of general
applicability

Substantive Theories

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Research
Question

Research
Objective

Theory

Not Theory

Importance of
Theory
Level of
Theory

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas
to Topic
Research
Proposal

Theory of
Consumption

Grand
Theori
es
Middle Range
Theories

Theory or
Relativity

Substantive Theories
Failure of Quality initiative in our
organization

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Purpose

Content

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose
Organize Ideas

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Content
Convince
Audience

Contract with
Clint

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Purpose
Organize
Ideas

Content
Convince
Audience

Contract with
Clint

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose
Organize Ideas

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Content

Convince
Audience

Contract with
Clint

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose
Organize Ideas

Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Content
Convince
Audience

Contract with
Clint

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose

Title
Good Research
Topic

Background

Generate Ideas

Research Qs /
Objs
Method

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Timescale
Resources
References

Content

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose

Title
Good Research
Topic

Background

Generate Ideas

Research Qs /
Objs
Method

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Timescale
Resources
References

Content

It may Change as the

research proceeds
Currently, it should
present the content of
proposal

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose

Title
Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

Backgroun
d
Research Qs /
Objs
Method

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Timescale
Resources
References

Content

Why the topic is worth

Research
Your knowledge of the
topic and field
Literature is its point of
start

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose

Content

Title
Good Research
Topic

Background

Generate Ideas

Research
Qs / Objs
Method

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Timescale
Resources
References

What will you get at the

end of research?

Formulating & Clarifying Research Topic

Research Topic

Purpose

Title
Good Research
Topic

Generate Ideas

From Ideas to
Topic

Research
Proposal

Content
Research Design / Data
Collection

Background
Research Qs /
Objs

Sampling Design

Method

Questionnaire Design

Timescale

Data Collection

Resources

Data Analysis
References