ANTHROPOLOGY

ANTHROPOLOGY
It is a discipline of infinite curiosity about
human beings.

The study of what it means to be human,

ranging from the study of culture and
social relations, to human biology and
evolution, to languages, to music, art and
architecture, and to the vestiges of human
habitation.

From

a Greek word of anthropos

meaning
man
and
logia
meaning discourse or study
of cultures.

The

study of humanity, including

our
prehistoric
origins
and
contemporary human diversity.

Interest of Anthropologist:
Discovering when, where, and why
humans appeared of the earth, how and
why they have changed since then, and
how
and
why
modern
human
populations vary in certain physical
features.
Interested

in how and why societies in

the past and present have varied in
their customary ideas and practices.

Put

anthropological methods,
information, and results to use, in
efforts to solve practical problems. Applied Anthropology

Anthropology as a
Science

Anthropology in
humanistic Approach

a form of inquiry A subjective way of

that involves first understanding
through
the formulation of a humanity
hypothesis,
or the study of peoples
hunch, about the art, music, poetry,
language,
and
other
way things work
forms
symbolic
and
then
expression.
This
observation
or approach
avoids
testing
to
see working from a prewhether
the set hypothesis but
hypothesis
is instead seeks insight
correct.
through
culturally

What are the characteristics of

Anthropology?
Holistic

(intra-discipline approach)
Dynamic
Emic Perspectives
Avoids ethnocentricism
Long term study
Inter and Intra disciplinary approach

PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Physical

Anthropology is the study of

human biology within the framework
of evolution and with an emphasis on
the interaction between biology and
culture.

It

reflects the shift in emphasis to more

biologically oriented topics, such as
genetics,
evolutionary
biology,
nutrition, physiological adaptation and
growth and development.

Three Subfields of Physical

Anthropology
Primatology

The study of the nonhuman members of

the order of mammals called primates,
which includes a wide range of animals
from very small, nocturnal creatures to
gorillas, the largest members.
The study of nonhuman primates in the
wild and in captivity.

Three Subfields of Physical

Anthropology
Paleoanthropology
the
interdisciplinary approach to
identify the various early human and
humanlike
species,
establish
a
chronological
sequence
of
relationships among them, and gain
insights into their adaptation and
behavior.

The

study primarily focuses more on

of human evolution, variation, and
adaptation.
Evolution is a change in the genetic
makeup of population overtime, and it
can be defined and studied at two levels
macroevolution and microevolution.

Three Subfields of Physical

Anthropology
Contemporary

human biological

variation
Anthropologist working in this area
define, measure, and seek to
explain
differences
in
the
biological makeup and behaviour
of contemporary humans.

Physical

or biological anthropology is
a scientific discipline concerned with
the
biological
and
behavioral
characteristics of human beings; our
closest relatives, the nonhuman
primates and their ancestors.

ARCHEOLOGY
Archeology

is the study of earlier

cultures and lifeways by anthropologist
who
specialize
in
the
scientific
recovery, analysis, and interpretation of
the material remains of past societies.

Archeologists

are concerned with

culture, but instead of interviewing
living people, they collect information
from artifacts and structures left behind
by earlier societies.

Major Areas in Archaeology

Prehistoric

Archaeology

Concerns the human past before written

records

Historical Archaeology

Deals with the human past in societies

that have written documents.

Major Areas in Archaeology

Underwater Archaeology

The study and preservation of

submerged archaeological sites.

Industrial Archaeology

Focuses on changes in material culture

and society during and since the
industrial revolution.

LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Linguistic

anthropology is the
study of human speech and
language, including the origins of
language in general as well as
specific languages.

By

examining similarities between

contemporary languages, linguists
have been able to trace historical
ties between languages and groups
of languages, thus facilitating the
identification of language families
and perhaps past relationships
between human populations.

Three Subfields of Linguistic

Anthropology

Historical Linguistics

The study of language change over

time and how languages are related.

Descriptive Linguistics/structural
linguistics

The study of how contemporary

languages differ in terms of their
formal structure.

Three Subfields of Linguistic

Anthropology
Sociolinguistics

The study of the relationships

among social variation, social
context,
and
linguistic
variation, including non verbal
communication.

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural

or social, anthropology is
the study of the global patterns
of belief and behavior found in
human cultures both past and
present.

Concerned

with cross cultural studies

with patterns of thought and behavior,
such as marriage customs, kinship
organization, political and economic
systems, religion, folk art, and music,
political organizations, status, conflict
and law resolution, consumptions and
exchange, gender, socialization, and
with the ways in which these patterns
differ in contemporary science.

Applied Anthropology
A

pratical anthropology is the use

of anthropological knowledge to
prevent or solve problems or to
shape and achieve policy goals.

Medical Anthropology
Forensic Anthropology
Urban Anthropology
Anthropology of Development