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Teknik Digital 1
http://zulhelman64.wordpress.com/digital-electronic/
zulhelman
PNJ
zuhelman@yahoo.co.id
Elektronika Digital
Materi :
Sistem Analog
V(t)
Sistem Digital
V(t)
Analogi
levels
5 Volt
Input
Range
for 1
Output
Range
for 1
2.8
2.4
Input
Range
for 0
0.8
0.4
0 Volt
Output
Range
for 0
Coding:
A single binary input can only have two
values: True or False (Yes or No) (1 or
0)
Binary
00
01
10
1 1
Combinations
Example 1:
Example 2:
Decimal systems
Number Representation
binary
100 (102)
10 (101)
1 (100)
8 (23)
4 (22)
2 (21)
1 (20)
400 + 0 + 3
8+0+0+1
Binary to decimal
?
1
128
64
32
16
100000112 = .10 ?
1010011002 = 10 ?
number
/2
remainder
155
77
77
38
38
19
19
15510 = 100110112
Decimal to Binary
An alternative way is to use the placement method
128
64
32
16
and so on
Representations
453 = 111000101
Decimal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
BCD
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
hexadecimal
512 (83)
64 (82)
8 (81)
1 (80)
256 (162)
16 (161)
1 (160)
512 + 128 + 7
256 + 160 + 15
binary
octal
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
10011101010011
binary
hex
binary
hex
0000
1000
0001
1001
0010
1010
0011
1011
0100
1100
0101
1101
0110
1110
0111
1111
Thus 100111010100112 = 16 ?
Colour codes
Characters
0c
np
1c
fs
2c
,
3c
<
4c
L
5c
\
6c
l
7c
0d
cr
1d
gs
2d
3d
=
4d
M
5d
]
6d
m
7d
}
0e 0f
so
si
1e 1f
rs
us
2e 2f
.
/
3e 3f
>
?
4e 4f
N
O
5e 5f
^
_
6e 6f
n
o
7e 7f
~ del
Gray Codes
Dec
0
1
2
3
E.g. changing from 3 to 4, normal binary has 4
all three bits changing 011 -> 100.
5
Depending on the order in which the bits
6
change any intermediate value may be
created.
7
Gray
000
001
011
010
110
111
101
100
Exercises