CHAPTER 3

HYDRAULIC VALVES

VALVE

Learning Objectives:

Explain types and function of valve

Different between Directional control valve,
Flow control valve and Pressure control valve.
Comprehend the basic construction and
application of valves used
Comprehend the basic operation and
application of different valves

Introduction
Valve used to control the hydraulic
and pneumatic system.
2) 3 basic types of valves;
a) Directional control valve
b) Pressure control valve
c) Flow control valve
1)

Directional control valve

Primary functions of

DCV is;

to stop, start, check, divert,

shuttle, divide proportionally the
flow of hydraulic fluids in one or
more ways

commonly types of DCV

1) One-way valve/Check valve
2) Two-way valve (Globe, Turn cock, Gate, Needle)
3) Three-way valve ( Shuttle)

4) Four-way valve

Check Valves
Controls direction of flow
Operated by flow of fluid in pipe
Types:

Swing check - disc moves through an arc

Lift check - disc moves up and down
Ball check - ball is located at end of stem and
lifts to allow flow

DCV Types
Check valve

Swing-check Valve

Terms in DCV ( >1 way)

Example 1
A

A- pipe line A
B- pipe line B
T- Tank
P- Pump

4/2 Directional control valve

4 mean four port (A,B,P,T)
2 mean two position ( Square)
p110

continue
Example 2
A

Spring

3/3 directional control

valve, controlled by
solenoid with spring
return.
3 port ( A,P,T)

3 Position ( 3 Square)

Solenoid

How DCV work?

?X
Flow Direction

Flow Direction

?X
Flow Direction

Pump to line A

Line B to pump

Operation stop

Line B to Tank

Tank to line A

Directional Control Valves

Direct flow path of fluid

System Applications

Open center systems at idle; maximum flow, near 0 pressure

Closed center systems at idle; near 0 flow, relief pressure.

P110-114 spool type DCV

Directional Control Valves

Open center type

closed port - locking position control

open port - floating position control

St find out..

Directional Control Valves

Closed center type

open port - floating position control

closed port - locking position control

St find out..

Flow capacity in DCV depend on;

Viscosity and temperature of fluid
Area of fluid flow.
Flow force.
Contaminant in fluid.
Type of DCV valve.

DCV size
Depend on;

a) Diameter matching with flow path.

b) Maximum flow rate recommend from
manufacture.
c) Standard num. (ISO,CETOP,ANSI..)

Types of PCV
Simple and Compound Pressure Relief
Pressure Reducing (p76)
Sequencing (p74)
Unloading (p69)
Counterbalance (p71)

a) Pressure Relief Valve

Function to control maximum

pressure in

hydraulic system.
Three pressure related to relief valves

Cracking
Full-flow
Closing

Types, simple and compound pressure

relief valve.

Relief Valves (cont)

Used to protect piping system

from

excessive pressure
Opens automatically when fluid pressure
becomes too high (pressure acts against
spring pressure)
Relieving pressure set by an adjusting
screw