Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Scaling IP Addresses
NAT/PAT and DHCP
Prepared by: Ahmed Redha
College of Telecom & Information
Overview
Private addressing
12 bits in common
10101100 . 00010000 . 00000000 . 00000000 172.16.0.0
10101100 . 00011111 . 11111111 . 11111111 172.16.255.255
------------------------------------------------------------10101100 . 00010000 . 00000000 . 00000000 172.16.0.0/12
3
Introducing NAT
and PAT
NAT, as defined by RFC 1631, is the process of swapping one address for
NAT Example
NAT Example
1
DA
DA
SA
128.23.2.2
10.0.0.3
IP Header
....
Data
128.23.2.2
SA
179.9.8.80
....
Data
IP Header
1
2
The translation from Private source IP address to Public source IP
address.
NAT Example
1
NAT Example
4
DA
SA
10.0.0.3
128.23.2.2
IP Header
DA
....
Data
179.9.8.80
SA
128.23.2.2
....
Data
IP Header
NAT Example
PAT Example
NAT/PAT table
maintains translation
of:
DA, SA, SP
DA
128.23.2.2
1
DA
128.23.2.2
SA
10.0.0.3
IP Header
SA
10.0.0.2
IP Header
DP
80
SP
1331
DA
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
80
1555
TCP/UDP
Header
128.23.2.2 179.9.8.80
SP
DA
Data
SA
IP Header
SA
128.23.2.2 179.9.8.80
IP Header
DP
80
SP
3333
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
80
SP
2222
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
11
PAT Example
SA
128.23.2.2
IP Header
4
DA
SA
10.0.0.2
128.23.2.2
IP Header
DP
SP
1331
80
DA
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
1555
80
TCP/UDP
Header
179.9.8.80 128.23.2.2
SP
DA
Data
SA
179.9.8.80
IP Header
SA
128.23.2.2
IP Header
DP
3333
SP
80
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
2222
SP
80
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
12
13
1
DA
128.23.2.2
SA
10.0.0.3
IP Header
SA
10.0.0.2
IP Header
DP
80
SP
1331
DA
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
80
1555
TCP/UDP
Header
128.23.2.2 179.9.8.80
SP
DA
Data
SA
IP Header
SA
128.23.2.2 179.9.8.80
IP Header
DP
80
SP
3333
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
DP
80
SP
2222
Data
TCP/UDP
Header
15
Translate to these
outside addresses
Start
here
Source IP address
must match here
16
This is a different
example, using the IP
address of the outside
interface instead
specifying an IP
address
18
19
Verifying NAT/PAT
20
Troubleshooting NAT/PAT
21
22
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Introducing DHCP
24
26
DHCP Operation
27
Configuring DHCP
28
Configuring DHCP
29
Configuring DHCP
DHCP options
30
31
DHCP Relay