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SCHIZOPHRENI
A
By:
Aisyah Rizki Nirmala Hanum
Palmalina Anggita Swasti
Husna Iman Novira
DEFINITION
known as disorganized schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of
SYMPTOMS
There are three prominent symptoms :
Disorganized speech when responding to a question, the person may give
out a given task, such as preparing a meal or getting dressed. Their behavior
may be bizarre, such as wearing layer upon layer of clothing in the middle of
summer
will often appear to have no emotions. His/her face may look completely blank,
and his/her speech may be monotone, at times may have an emotional response
such as laughing or giggling suddenly, when nothing funny has occurred
HOW TO
DIAGNOSE
SCHIZOPHRENIA
HEBEPHRENIC
Hebephrenic schizophrenia tends to have an earlier onset
than the other subtypes and tends to develop very insidiously.
Although delusions and hallucinations are present, they are
relatively minor, and the clinical picture is dominated by
- bizarre behavior
- loosened associations, and
- bizarre and inappropriate affect.
Overall the behavior of these patients seems at times a caricature of childish
silliness. Senselessly they may busy themselves first with this, then with that,
generally to no purpose, and often with silly, shallow laughter. At other times they
may be withdrawn and inaccessible. Delusions, when they occur, are unsystematized
and often hypochondriacal in nature. Some may display very marked loosening of
associations to the point of a fatuous, almost driveling incoherence
excluding physical conditions that can cause abnormal thinking and some other behaviors
associated with schizophrenia. These conditions include organic brain disorders
(including traumatic injuries of the brain), temporal lobe epilepsy, Wilson's
disease, prion diseases, Huntington's chorea, and encephalitis. The doctor will
also need to rule out heavy metal poisoning and substance abuse disorders, especially
amphetamine use.
After ruling out organic disorders, the clinician will consider other psychiatric conditions
After other conditions have been ruled out, the patient must meet a set of criteria
specified:
the patient must have two (or more) of the following symptoms during a one-month period:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
- decline in social, interpersonal, or occupational functioning, including self-care
the disturbed behavior must last for at least six months
- mood disorders
- substance abuse disorders
- medical conditions, and developmental disorders have been ruled out
TREATMENT
TREATMENTS
Because the causes of schizophrenia are still unknown, treatments focus on
Antipsychotic medications
Antipsychotic medications have been available since the mid-1950's. The older
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Perphenazine (Etrafon, Trilafon)
Fluphenazine (Prolixin).
Other atypical antipsychotics were also developed. None cause agranulocytosis. Examples
include:
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Psychosocial treatments
Psychosocial treatments can help people with schizophrenia who are already
REFERENCES
Lane, Cheryl. 2012. Schizophrenia.
Andreasen NC. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia : definition and
Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Powers RE, et al. Auditory hallucinations and
Black DW, Boffeli TJ. Simple schizophrenia : past, present and future. The