REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS- I

Academic Staff Name:

Dr. Kalthum Hassan
Dr. Ravindra Nath Vyas

Regional Planning Process

Areal unit of planning

Development

Sub-national state
Regional or Local
Economic
Social

Planning

National/regional
Allocative/innovative

The Goal of Regional Planning

A Goal is an ideal and should be

expressed in abstract terms R.C.
Young

Examples:
Vision

2020: Aspiration of attaining developed

country status
The NPP goal: The establishment of an
efficient, equitable and sustainable national
spatial framework to guide overall development
of the country towards achieving developed
nation status by 2020
Ten Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan:

Internally driven, externally aware

10 Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan

1.

Internally driven, externally aware

2.

Ensuring equality of opportunities and safeguarding the

vulnerable

3.

Supporting effective and smart partnerships

4.

Government as a competitive corporation

5.

Valuing our environmental endowments

6.

Concentrated growth, inclusive development

7.

Nurturing, attracting and retaining top talent

8.

Unleashing productivity-led growth and innovation

9.

Transforming to high-income through specialization

10. Leveraging

on our diversity internationally

Goals of Regional Planning:

Issues of concern

Retaining existing firms, attracting new firms,

new industries and investment

Diversifying employment and generate job

opportunities

Enhancing human capital resources

Facilitating development

Improving institutional capacity and capability

to grow competitive communities

Achieving sustainable development

Goals of Regional Planning:

Focus on a mixture of:

Enhancing employment growth and job

diversity.

Addressing labor costs and productivity.

Developing the economic base of the

communities, particularly through increasing
internal institutional linkages.

Managing locational assets to enhance location

inducing factors.

Developing knowledge-based informationintensive industries.

Goals of Regional Development:

OECD Initiative - I

Strengthening the competitive position of regions and of

localities within regions, by developing the potential of
otherwise underutilized human and natural resource potential.

Realizing opportunities for indigenous economic growth by

recognizing the opportunities available for locally produced
products and services.

Improving employment levels and long-term career

opportunities for local residents.

Increasing the participation of disadvantaged and minority

community groups in the local economy.

Improving the physical environment as a necessary

component of improving the climate for business
development and of enhancing the quality of life of residents.

Objectives

An objective is capable of both attainment and

measurement stated explicitly

Examples:
To

attain 8 per cent GDP growth

Objectives of National Physical Plan:
To rationalise national spatial planning for economic
efficiency and global competitiveness.
To optimize utilization of land and natural resources
for sustainable development.
To promote balanced regional development for
national unity.
To secure spatial and environmental quality and
diversity for a high quality of life.

Single and multiple objectives

General Planning Process

Formation
- Envision
Analysis
- Conduct
communit
y
assessmen
t
Initiation &
Organizati
- Identify
on
local
issues
(SWOT)

- Define
goals/object
ives

Implementa
tion
- Assign
organizatio
nal
responsibili
ties
- Formulate

- Develop
strategic
actions

organizatio
n strategic
action plans

- Finalize
strategic
plan

- Allocate
resources

Evaluation
- Monitor
- Review
performanc
e
- Analyze
impact

Planning Process

Regional Planning Process

Regional Planning:

Inter-Regional planning
Intra-Regional planning

Inter-Regional planning process

The identification of regions/region

The goals and objectives The areas of
interventions
Strategies
Policy instruments
The appraisal and assessment of planning goals,
strategies and tactics

Regional Planning Process

Intra-Regional planning process:

Study of the region

Analysis of problems and needs
Working in existing plans and programmes
Gathering information for future plans
Evaluation of likely effects on existing
structure
Working out likely rate of sectoral
expansion
Analysis of the action to be taken
Land use patterns evaluation

Regional Planning Stages

Stages as sequential processes:

The identification of the problem.
The formulation of goals and objectives
related to problem.
The identification of possible constraints.
The projection of future situation.
The generation and evaluation of
alternative courses of action.
The production of a preferred plan
including strategy and definitive plan.

Regional Planning
Process

Regional Planning Strategies

Strategy:
Chandler (1962) define strategy as "...the
determination of the basic long-term goals and
objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of
courses of action and the allocation of resources
necessary for carrying out these goals
Or
Astrategyis aplan of action designed to achieve a
specific goal
Or
The science and art of using all the forces of a nation
to execute approved plans as effectively as possible
during peace or war.

Selection of Regional Planning Strategies

Criteria of selection:

Goals and objectives

Resource constraints
Type and level of planning
Approach
Economic environment
Politico-social scenario
Environmental concerns
Stage of development

Examples from Malaysia

Resource and new land development strategy

In situ rural development
Industrial dispersal strategy
Rural urbanization and growth centre strategy
Corridor development strategy

Typology of Approaches to Policy and

Practice
The market will deliver the regional and
local development in the form and place
that is wanted

Economic
efficiency
is the
dominant
aim of the
regional
and local
economic
developm
ent

Pro-Business
competition
to attract
inward
investment

Ecomodernizati
on

Social
cohesion
and
environme
ntal
sustainabi
Area
Pro-poor
lity are as
regeneration
economic
important
and sector
developmen
targeting
t
as
economic
efficiency
After
The market will not deliver the regional and
Hague et
local economic development in the form and
al (2011)
place that is wanted

Changing Focus of Economic

Development Policy and Planning
Strategy
Adopted from Robert J. Stimson, Roger R. Stough, Brian H.
Roberts (2006)
Focus of Economic Policy
Keynsian
Thought
Post-war Mid
1970s

1960
Public
Economic
Developm
ent
Agencies

Monetarism Thought
Mid 1970s 1990s

1970
Regulatory
Economic
Developmen
t, Mixed
Economic
Developmen
t

Focus on
Valueadding
strategies.
Incorporatin
g workforce
and
technology
change

1980
Initiative to
reduce
social
disparities
by
incorporatin
g
disadvantag
ed groups
into the
mainstream
economy

Rationalist
Thought
Late 1980s
-1990s

Sustainab
ility

1990

2000

Initiatives to
improve
environmenta
l and overall
quality of life
to attract
highly skilled
workers and
firms

Sustainabl
e
developm
ent

Than
ks