COURSE NAME : Introduction to Computing CS101

Student ID: bc120200536@vu.edu.pk

Student Name: Nimra Tariq
Study Program: BS Mass Communication

INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC:
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information
processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological
nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The
key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the
information processing system. It is composed of a large
number of highly interconnected processing elements
(neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems.
ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN is configured
for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data
classification, through a learning process. Learning in
biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic
connections that exist between the neurones. This is true of
ANNs as well.

The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of
biological neurons. The modern usage of the term often refers to artificial neural
networks, which are composed of artificial neurons or nodes .

Artificial neural networks are composed of interconnecting artificial neurons

(programming constructs that mimic the properties of biological neurons).
Artificial neural networks may either be used to gain an understanding of
biological neural networks, or for solving artificial intelligence problems without
necessarily creating a model of a real biological system.

Historically, computers evolved from the von Neumann model, which is based on
sequential processing and execution of explicit instructions. On the other hand, the
origins of neural networks are based on efforts to model information processing in
biological systems, which may rely largely on parallel processing as well as
implicit instructions based on recognition of patterns of 'sensory' input from
external sources. In other words, at its very heart a neural network is a complex
statistical processor (as opposed to being tasked to sequentially process and
execute).

Neural coding is concerned with how sensory and other information is represented
in the brain by neurons. The main goal of studying neural coding is to characterize
the relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal
responses and the relationship among electrical activity of the neurons in the
ensemble.

Advantages:

It is capable of handling large number of features.

It is capable of detecting complex relationships.
It can solve numerous complex and miscellaneous tasks.
It is easy to theorize.
It identifies all possible connections.
It handles large amount of academic study.
It needs less formal arithmetical training.
It is speedy and fast calculation.

Disadvantages:

Computing one input path needs calculating the network.

It cannot resolve all machine learning difficulties.
It is difficult to implement trial and error for choosing many neurons.
It is an experimental nature of model improvement.
It has greater computational load .
It has problematic to interpret.
It has low training time.

Todays Computers and Technology can learn and achieve a lot

from neural networks. Neural networks capability to learn from
examples makes them great and influential. Moreover it is not
essential to create an algorithm to complete a particular job. Have
no need to know the inner parameters of the task. Furthermore
neural networks are well-matched for systems due to their fast
reaction and calculating times as to their consistent structure.
They also add great values to other fields of medical science like
neurology and psychology; Neural networks used to design different
parts of organisms and to inspect the inner structures of the brain.
Possibly the great inspiring feature which also seems to be
promising is, in the future conscious networks might come. Many
experts and scientists claim that, consciousness is a mechanical
property and it seems possible to create conscious neural networks.
In conclusion, nevertheless neural networks have a massive
potential but human kind can only take the great benefits, as soon as
these networks are combined with computing.