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24.3:1.1:1:7.1
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2. Chromosome Mapping
1) Crossing over as a measure of genetic distance
Sturtevant's fundamental insight was to estimate the
distance between points on a chromosome by
counting the number of crossovers between them.
Points that are far apart should have more
crossovers between them than points that are close
together.
In a statistical sense. The distance between two
points on the genetic map of a chromosome is the
average number of crossovers between them.
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we cannot see
each of the
exchange points
on the
chromosomes
coming out of
meiosis.
Instead, we infer
their existence by
observing the
recombination of
the alleles that
flank them.
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nonrecombinants
(0) x 0.82
0.18
recombinants
(1) x 0.18 =
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cv
(i)sc
ec
cv
(ii)ec
sc
cv
(iii) ec
cv
sc
ec
sc
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Sc---9.1---ec---10.5---cv
We can also obtain this estimate by directly calculating the
average number of crossover between these genes:
Noncrossover
classes
Single crossover
classes
( 1and 2 )
( 3,4,5, and 6 )
( 0 ) x 0.805
+
0.196
( 1 ) x 0.195
(1158+1455)/3248
Double crossover
classes
( 7 and 8)
+
( 2) x 0.0006 =
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3. Cytogenetic Mapping
Recombination mapping allows us to determine the
relative positions of genes by using the frequency of
crossing over as a measure of distance.
However, it does not allow us to localize genes with
respect to cytological landmarks, such as bands, on
chromosomes.
This kind of localization requires a different procedure
that involves studying the phenotypic effects of
chromosome rearrangements, such as deletions and
duplications.
The map positions of those genes can be tied to
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locations on the cytological map of a chromosome. This
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